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1、摘要试验选用自然断奶的 3 月龄健康蒙古羔羊 80 只，平均体重（14.721.10）kg，试验羊按各组体重差异不显著的原则随机分为四个试验组。试验分为限饲期和补偿期，限饲期 8 周，各组日粮分别为：对照组（ME 10.88 MJ/kg, CP 15 %）、低蛋白组（ME 10.88 MJ/kg, CP 10 %）、低能量组（ME 9.41 MJ/kg, CP 15%）和双低组（ME8.62 MJ/kg, CP 5.7 %）；限饲结束后进入补偿期，为期 13 周，各组日粮能氮水平相同（ME 9.75 MJ/kg, CP 12 %）。试验结果表明：（1）限制期及补偿期结束时，低能量组和对照组各内
2、环境指标无显著差异（P0.05）。低蛋白组限制期 NH3-N 浓度显著低于对照组（P0.05）；乙酸、丙酸及总 VFA 浓度显著高于对照组（P0.05）；补偿期结束时，乙酸及总 VFA 浓度显著低于对照组（P0.05）。双低组限制期乙酸、丙酸及总 VFA 浓度，NH3-N 浓度显著高于对照组（P0.05），瘤胃菌体蛋白浓度显著低于对照组（P0.05）；补偿期乙酸、丙酸及总 VFA 浓度，NH3-N 浓度显著低于对照组（P0.05）。（2）限制期结束时，双低组的瘤胃 -淀粉酶活性显著低于对照组（P0.05）而纤维素酶类活性显著高于对照组（P0.05）；补偿期结束时，双低组 -淀粉酶活性及中性蛋白
3、酶显著高于对照组（P0.05），而纤维素酶类活性显著低于对照组（P0.05）。（3）限制期结束时，同组瘤胃细菌图谱的相似度大于 80%，说明相同组别的瘤胃细菌的相似性很高。其中对照组与低能量组被聚为一簇，它们之相似度大于70%，低蛋白组与双低组被聚为一簇；补偿期结束时不同组别聚簇时互相有交叉，四个组总体相似度提高到 64%。（4）在本试验日粮限制条件下，蛋白营养限制和能量蛋白同时限制显著影响了瘤胃内环境及瘤胃细菌菌群，而能量限制对其影响不显著。关键词：补偿生长；羔羊；瘤胃；内环境；酶活；细菌多样性Effect of Undernutrition and Compensation on the
4、InternalEnvironment and Bacterial diversity of Rumen in LambsAbstractThis study investigated the effect of undernutrition (060d) and compensation(60150d) on the internal environment and bacteria of rumen in lambs. Eighty lambs, withaverage body weight (14.72 1.10) kg, were divided into control group
5、 (CG), proteinrestricted group (PR), energy restricted group (ER) and Both protein and energyrestricted group (BR). Dietary nutrition level were (ME 10.88 MJ/kg,CP 15 %), (ME10.88 MJ/kg, CP 10 %), (ME 9.41 MJ/kg, CP 15%) and (ME 8.62 MJ/kg,CP 5.7 %),during undernutrition period for CG, PR, ER and BR
6、, respectively. However, innutritional compensation phase all groups were offered the same levels diet (ME 9.75MJ/kg, CP 12 %). The experimental results were showed as follow:(1) At the end of nutrition restriction and the nutrition compensation period, therewere not significant changes in pH value
7、NH3-N, BCP, VFA between the energyrestricted group and control group; during nutrition restriction, the NH3-N of proteinrestricted group was significantly lower than that of CG (P0.05) and acetic acid,propionic acid and total VFA significantly higher than those of CG(P0.05), but theywere lower than
8、those of CG(P0.05) at the end of the nutrition compensation stage. Atthe end of nutrition restriction , BCP of Both protein and energy restricted group weresignificantly lower than that of CG(P0.05). The NH3-N, acetic acid, propionic acid andtotal VFA of Both protein and energy restricted group were
9、 significantly higher thosethat of CG (P0.05). However, all of them were significantly lower than those of CG(P0.05) at the end of the nutrition compensation period.(2) At the end of nutrition restriction period, -amylase of Both protein and energyrestricted group was significantly lower than that o
10、f CG(P0.05), but cellulose activitywas significantly higher than that of CG(P 0.05); at the end of the nutritioncompensation stage, -amylase and neutral protease of both protein and energy restrictedgroup were significantly higher than that of CG(P0.05) but cellulose activity wassignificantly lower
11、than that of CG(P0.05).(3) At the end of nutrition restriction stage, the sample similarity of the same groupwas greater than 80%, the profiles of CG and ER are gathered for a bunch, the similaritywas more than 70%. At the same time, PR and BR are gathered for a bunch; at the end ofCompensation stag
12、e, different groups cluster had across each other, the similarity of allgroups increased to 64%.(4) Under this daily ration restricted, protein restricted group and both protein andenergy restricted group had significant effect on the internal environment and bacteria ofrumen in lambs.Key Words:comp
13、ensation growth；Lamb；Rumen；Internal enviromenrt；emzymeactivty；BacteriaDirected by: Prof.WANG HairongApplicant for Master degree: FENG Hui(Animal Nutrition and Feed Science)(College of Animal Science. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. Hohhot 010018. China)目录1引言 . 11.1补偿生长 . 11.1.11.1.21.1.31.1.4补偿生长的概念 . 1补偿生长与限制的相互关系 . 2补偿生长的表现形式 . 2补偿生长的影响因素 . 21.2瘤胃微生物概述 . 31.2.11.2.21.2.3瘤胃细菌 . 3瘤胃原虫 . 3瘤胃真菌 . 41.3瘤胃微生物的研究方法 . 41.3.11.3.2传统的纯培养方法 .
