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1、北方工业大学本科生毕业论文 论海牙规则汉堡规则之比较及鹿特丹规则中承运人的适航义务兼评海商法第47条学号：07102040107 姓名：崔岩学院：文法学院 专业：法学指导老师：陈兰兰 成绩：完成时间：2010年6月 论鹿特丹规则中承运人的适航义务兼评海商法第47条【摘要】19世纪末20世纪初，海运事业蓬勃发展，英国成为“海运大国”，美国则是“货主大国”。由于当时契约自由的影响，英国提单中多达六七十项免责条款，这大大影响了货主的利益，为保护美方利益，美国制定了哈特法，率先规定了承运人的最低义务，即适航义务。之后，在两大国的相互斗争与妥协中，海牙规则应运而生，规定了承运人的适航义务。所以，承运人适
2、航义务从一开始就肩负着平衡各方利益的使命。随着海运事业的发展，海牙维斯比规则、汉堡规则又近一步规定承运人的适航义务。在2008年12月11日联合国大会第63届会议上，鹿特丹规则的通过，对该问题有了不同于以往所有公约的突破性改变,即将承运人适航义务首次规定为一项持续性、全程化的义务，这一变化体现了国际海上货物运输立法上逐渐加重承运人义务与责任的发展趋势以及平衡船货双方利益的客观要求,同时,也对国际海上货物运输的相关方面带来一系列的影响。结合我国是海运大国但非海运强国的现实，本文通过对传统承运人适航义务的内容、发展以及改变后意义的具体分析,提出我国海商法第47条的不足，并且提出立法建议。 论文分为
3、三个部分: 第一部分介绍承运人适航义务的历史发展状况。通过介绍海牙规则和汉堡规则中承运人的适航义务,并且专门针对海牙规则第3条从承运人适航义务的概念判断标准、及适航义务与承运人航海过失免责的关系等方面加以论述，通过对承运人适航义务的发展变化的比较分析,总结出承运人适航义务的的特点，即由不连续性、阶段性转变为持续性、全程性，朝着逐渐加重的趋势发展。 第二部分具体讨论鹿特丹规则中承运人适航义务的最新规定。通过介绍承运人适航义务所反映出来的承运人责任基础的变化，指出承运人适航义务的最新规定既体现过错责任制度, 又平衡了船货双方的利益。同时，讨论了该变化的意义。 第三部分通过对我国海商法第47条中承运
4、人适航义务的规定进行分析,指出我国的现有规定落后于时代,结合我国作为海运大国但非海运强国的现状，提出我国在立法上的不足，并提出立法建议。【关键词】 承运人 适航义务 鹿特丹规则On the Meaning of Carriers Seaworthy Obligation under Rotterdam RulesA Comment on Article 47 of Maritime Law【Abstract】During the late 19th century and early 20th century, maritime industry was vigorous, the Unite
5、d Kingdom became a sea power while the USA was a Great Power of cargo.At that time, with the impact of freedom of contract, the United Kingdom used as many as sixty or seventy items in the bill of lading exemption clause, which greatly affected the interests of shippers.In order to protect U.S. inte
6、rests, the United States formulated the Harter Actthat the first act set the minimum obligation of the carriers, that is, the obligation of seaworthiness.After the mutual struggle and compromise between the two countries , the Hague Rules came into being, providing the carriers obligation of seawort
7、hiness.Therefore, at the beginning of the carriers obligation of seaworthiness , it was used to balance the interests of all parties .With the development of maritime transport, the Hague - Visby Rules, Hamburg Rules again took a step forward in the provisions of the carriers obligation of seaworthi
8、ness.In the December 11, 2008 United Nations General Assembly 63rd session, Rotterdam rules adopted, this issue is different from all previous conventions with the ground-breaking changes in the carriers obligation of seaworthiness for the first time about the provisions of a continuingnature, full
9、of obligations, this change reflects the international legislation on the transport of goods by sea the carriers obligations and responsibilities gradually increase the trend of development and balancing the interests of both the objective requirements of cargo, while also the international carriage
10、 of goods by sea with the relevant aspects ofto a series of effects.China is a big country with maritime maritime power, but not the reality of this paper, the traditional content of the carriers obligation of seaworthiness, development and the changed meaning of the specific analysis of make Chinas
11、 Maritime Code section 47 of the shortcomings and put forward legislative proposals.This essay contains three parts:The first part describes the historical development of the carrier status of the seaworthiness obligation.By introducing the Hague Rules and the Hamburg Rules in the carriers obligatio
12、n of seaworthiness, and specifically for Hague Rules section 3 of the concept from the carriers obligation to determine seaworthiness standards, and the obligation of seaworthiness nautical fault with the carrier-freeresponsible for aspects of the relationship to be addressed, through the developmen
13、t and changes of the carriers obligation of seaworthiness comparative analysis, summarized the characteristics of the carriers seaworthiness obligation, that is not the continuity of continuous phase shift, full of, North Koreaa gradual increase of the trend.The second part specific discusses Rotter
14、dam Rules in the latest requirements of the carriers obligation of seaworthiness.Through the presentation of the carriers obligation of seaworthiness as reflected in changes in the basis of the carriers responsibility, noting that the latest requirements of the carriers obligation of seaworthiness n
15、ot only embodies the fault liability system, but also balance the interests of both sides of the cargo.Meanwhile, the article also discusses the significance of the change.The third part describes maritime law in Article 47 of the carriers seaworthiness obligations of the analysis, pointing out that the existing provisions of our country behind the times, as a maritime power in our countrys maritime power, but not the present situation of our country in the Legislativeweaknesses, and make legislative recommendations【Key Words】 Carrier Seaworthy obligati
