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1、分类 密级 硕士学位论文郭象庄子注“性分”思想研究张 海 荣导师姓名职称： 任万明 副教授 专业名称：中国哲学研究方向：中国古代哲学 论文答辩日期：2012年5月学位授予时间：2012年6月答辩委员会主席：王晓兴评阅人：张美宏二零一二年五月硕士学位论文M.D.Thesis郭象庄子注“性分”思想研究On the Xingfen thought of Guoxiangs 张 海 荣ZhangHai-rong西北师范大学政法学院CollegeofPoliticalScienceandLawofNorthwestNormalUniversity二一二年五月独创性声明本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指
2、导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包括其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得西北师范大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。学位论文作者签名：日期：关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解西北师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。公开保密（_年_月）（保密的学位论文在解密后应遵守此协议）签名：导师签名：日期：摘要“名教”
3、与“自然”的关系是魏晋玄学探讨的基本问题，本文探讨郭象“性分”思想，就是建立在“名教”与“自然”关系的维度上的。郭象提出“性分”思想的主要目的是想把阮籍、嵇康和裴頠“各执一偏”的“自然”和“名教”重新统合起来，构建一套适合时代要求的政治理念。这种努力本身证明魏晋玄学并非脱离现实的学问，而是玄学家们对名教异化现象的理性反思，是玄学家们通过政治哲学的理论建构来赋予“名教”以新的形而上学根据的有益尝试。本文分三个部分对郭象“性分”思想进行了阐释。第一部分，从现实和理论两个方面探究了郭象“性分”思想的源起。魏晋时期，名教异化问题日益严重，玄学家致力于解决“名教”与“自然”的矛盾，以期实现国家的长治久安
4、。王弼的“名教本于自然”论、嵇康的“越名教而任自然”论、裴頠的“崇有”论，都是为解决这一矛盾而做出的理论解答。郭象沿着前辈学者的探究路径，总结他们各自理论的得失成败，提出“名教即自然”的思想，“性分”思想是郭象为其思想体系寻找理论依据的重要一环。第二部分，对郭象“性分”思想的本体意蕴予以深入探究。“性”在郭象思想体系中是和“性分”密切相关的一个范畴，明晰“性”与“性分”关系，对于把握郭象“性分”思想极为重要。“性”具有本体意，是“各物天生拥有的原初性质”，而“性分”是各物天生拥有的原初性质所显现的应然状态。“性分”由“性”衍化而来；“性”与“性分”是体用关系。通过梳理郭象“性”与“性分”的涵义
5、和关系，可以看出，“名教”之所以存在的本根就是“性”。第三部分，着力阐述郭象“性分”思想的现实旨归。“名教即自然”得以在现实社会中运行的内在因由就是“性分”。“性分”落实在个体生活中，体现为“适性逍遥”的生活方式。“独化”是个体在“名教即自然”中的发展状态，“相因”是个体在“名教即自然”中的相互联系，“玄冥”是群体在“名教即自然”中的完整呈现。“性分”的终极目标是实现“神器独化于玄冥之境”的理想状态。既尊重个体差异，又谋求社会和谐，这可以说是郭象“性分”思想之要义，也是其现实价值之所在。关键词：郭象；名教；自然；性分；本体AbstractNorm and natural relations a
6、re the the Metaphysics explore the basic questions, this paper investigates GuoXiangs Xingfen ideology is built on the dimension of the Norm and natural relationship. GuoXiang raised Xingfen thought ,the main purpose is to want to RuanJi, JiKang and PeiWei, armed wit one-sided thenaturalandNormre-in
7、tegration,build suitable requirements of the times of political ideas. But the effort itself that Metaphysics is not from the reality of knowledge, metaphysicians Norm alienation of rational reflection, metaphysician theoretical construct of political philosophy to give Norm new metaphysics based on
8、 a useful attempt.This article consists of three parts interpretation of GuoXiangsXingfen thought:The first part is explores the origins of Guo Xiangs Xingfen thought, from a practical and theoretical aspects. WeiJin Dynasties, Norm alienation of a growing problem, the metaphysician addressing the N
9、orm and natural conflicts, in order to achieve long-term stability of the country. Wang Bis Norm its descendants from the natural theory, Ji KangsBeyond the Norm and return to the nature ,Pei Weis Advocates have theory, the theoretical solution are made to resolve this contradiction. Guo Xiang summa
10、ry of their respective success or failure of the theory along the older generation of scholars to explore the path Norm is natural thought, the idea of Xingfen Guo Xiang for their system of thought to find an important part of the theoretical basis.The second part is GuoXiangs Xingfen ideological de
11、pth Discrimination. Core areas of clear GuoXiangs Xingfen thought nature and Xingfen, vital grasp GuoXiangs Xingfen thought. GuoXiangs Xingfen thought the core of nature with ontological meaning; nature is all things are born with primordial nature, and Xingfen isappeared in the original nature of a
12、ll things born with should bethe natural state; Xingfen by nature is derived from; natureandXingfen is the relationship of body. Meanings and relationships of GuoXiangs nature and Xingfen carding, draw the Norm The reason why the root is nature.The third part in the work domain interpretation of Guo
13、 XiangsXingfen thought. Norm is natural internal cause is able to run in the real worldXingfen . Xingfen to implement in the individual life, reflecting the adaptive Happy way of life.Duhua is the individuals in the Norm is natural of development state,Xiangyin is the individual in theNorm is natura
14、l of the mutual connection.Xuanming is group is in theNorm is nature of the integrity.The ultimate goal ofXingfenis to realize artifact individualization in the territory of life the ideal state.GuoXiangsXingfenthought the ultimate goal is to achieve artifact independence of environment Xuanming the
15、 the ideal state. Respecting individual differences, and seek social harmony, it can be said Guo Xiang points thought to be righteous, but also its real value lies.Key words: GuoXiang; Norm; Natural; Xingfen; Metaphysics目录独创性声明I摘要IIAbstractIII目录IV引言11.“性分”思想之源起71.1.“名教”的危机71.2.王弼“名教本于自然”论91.3.嵇康“越名教而任自然”论12
