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1、句子成分 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作 行为或所处的状态 通常由动词的各种形式来充当 并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致 句子成分 1 一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当Shegothereatsix 2 有些谓语是由 系动词 表语 构成的Thegirlfeltcold Heisateacher 句子成分 3 有些谓语由 情态动词 动词原形 构成CanyouspeakFrench Wemustbecareful 4 如果不及物动词作谓语 则不可以直接加宾语 但可以在不及物动词后加介词再跟宾语Wedependonourselves notothers 非谓语 不定式 todo 分词 动名词 ing
2、过去分词 ed 现在分词 ing ing分词 ed分词 V ing V ed使用条件 一个句子当中 已经存在一个主句 谓语动词 又没有连词的情况下 还有别的动词出现时 Shegotoffthebus leavingherhandbagonherseat Shegotoffthebus butleftherhandbagonherseat Seefromthehill wefindthetownbeautiful 1 2 Whenweseefromthehill wefindthetownbeautiful Seeingfromthehill wefindthetownbeautiful 千万要
3、注意V ing形式的规则哟 1 不能单独作谓语2 没有人称和数的变化3 有时态和语态的变化 时态和语态 doing beingdone havingdone havingbeendone V ing的否定式 在分词前加 not doing beingdone havingdone havingbeendone not not not not V ing在句子中充当的成分 Sende mailsismoreandmorepopular It snousetakethiskindofmedicine Thefilmissomoved Icouldn thelpcrywhenIheardthebad
4、news Iheardthegirlsungintheclassroom Sending taking moving crying singing 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 mind suggest delay keepon lookforwardto enjoy appreciate imagine practise finish succeedin consider can thelp miss doing V ing在这种结构中做宾语 have leave keepsee watch hear find notice feel catch sb doing V ing在这种结构中做宾补 5
5、 Chinaisadevelopingcountry Chinaisacountrydevelopingveryfast 6 Hearingthecryforhelp herushedout Beingill hewenthome Timepermitting Icandoitbetter 定语 状语 Iftimepermits Icandoitbetter Chinaisalargecountrywhichdevelopsveryquickly 2 IhavereceivedyourletterwhichsaysyouwillcometoChinanextmonth 3 Iwanttosee
6、somefilmsthatareveryinteresting Chinaisalargecountrydevelopingveryquickly Ihavereceivedyourletter sayingyouwillcometoChinanextmonth Iwanttoseesomeinterestingfilms 4 Whenhewaswalkinginthestreet hesawoneofhisoldfriend 5 Becausehewasill hestayedathome 6 Afterhefinishedtheletter hepostedit when Walkingi
7、nthestreet hesawoneofhisoldfriend Beingill hestayedathome Havingfinishedtheletter hepostedit 注意 ing的完成形式只表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前 V ing和V ed的区别 从时态和语态两个角度去区分 V ing V ed 时态 语态 进行时 过去 主动 被动 V ed的用法 如 adevelopedcountry adevelopingcountry apollutedriver asleepingbaby 1 作定语 2 作状语 fromthehill youcangetthewholetown
8、 fromthehill thewholetownlooksbeautiful Seeing Seen 1 MrBrownwantstobuyausedcar 2 What sthelanguagespokeninGermany 3 Thepupilswillgettirediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch4 Imademyselfunderstoodeasily 5 Wefoundtheworkcompletelydone 6 Heated metalswillexpand Ifmetalsareheated metalswillexpand 7 Seenthrough
9、atelescope thesunappearsdarkneartheedge 例外 不及物动词的 ed分词没有被动含义 只表示完成的意思 例如 Thestreetwascoveredwithfallenleaves 这条马路被落叶所覆盖 1 fromthehill youcangetthewholetown 2 fromthehill thewholetownlooksbeautiful Seeing Seen 一 主语一致性的考察 常见考点类型 Waitingforabus A abrickfellonmyheadB Alittlegirlcametotalkwithme C Iwashi
10、tbyabrickontheheadD Iwashitbyabrickonmyhead C 二 一般式与完成式的考察 04北京 29 inthequeueforhalfanhour Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome TowaitB HavewaitedC HavingwaitedD Tohavewaited 04吉林 28 Wecan tgooutinthisweather saidBob outofthewindow A lookingB tolookC lookedD havinglooked 三 主动与被动的考察 1 你知道他
11、们正在讨论的话题吗 Doyouknowthetopic now discuss 2 这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球 Themissingboywaslastseen neartheriver play beingdiscussed playing 四 句子成分混淆 1 Therearealotofstudentsareplantingtreesonthesmallhill 2 Helayonthegrass andlookingatthesky planting looking 3 ThebookbelongstoMaryislost belonging V ing和V ed用法归纳 V in
12、g作主语 谓语动词用单数 v ed不能作主语Usingcomputersisverycommoninourdailylife 2 V ing作表语与v ed分词作表语的区别Thestoryisinteresting Thelittlegirlisinterestedinthestory Thenewsisdisappointing Hewasdisappointedtoheartheresult Whentheboyswerewatchingtheexcitingfilm theywereveryexcitedThestudentsareallmovedbythemovingstory Whe
13、nshesawthesurprisingresult shegaveusasurprisedlook 区别 v ing作表语时表示某物具有的性质 常翻译为 令人 v ed做表语具有被动的概念 一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验 解释为 感到 3 v ing可作宾语 v ed不能作宾语 Wemissedseeingthatfilmwhenitwasatthelocalcinema Heoftenimaginesflying Hedreamsaboutbeingadoctor掌握只能跟v ing作宾语的动词及短语 4 v ing和v ed作宾补时的区别 Theykeptmewaitingforalo
14、ngtime Hewatchedthecarscomingandgoing Isawhimplayingcard Sheheardhersistersinginginherroom MrLihasJimstandingoutsidethedoor IhadmyMP3repairedlastweek WeheardthissongsunginEnglish NomatterhowItry Ijustcan tmakemyselfunderstoodbytheforeigner V ing用作宾补时 和句子中的宾语构成主动关系 说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事 V ed用作宾补时 和句子中的宾语构成被
15、动关系 说明宾语的情况 5 v ing和v ed作定语时的区别 asingingbird asleepingdogamancarryingababyastudentplayingwithknifepeoplefightingagainstwarsaswimmingpoolawritingdesk awoundedmonkeyabrokenchairboiledwaterasoldierwoundedbyknifearoadcoveredwithsnow 6 v ing和v ed作状语时的区别 Beingill Ican tgotowork 原因 Seeingthehouseonfire she
16、called119 时间状语 Hesatonastone readingabook 伴随性状语 Hearingthegoodnews wealljumpedupwithjoy 时间状语 Thehusbanddied leavinghiswifethreedaughters 结果状语 Seenfromthetopofthemountain thevillageisverybeautiful 时间状语 Cookedinaspecialway thefishtastesVerynice 原因状语 Givenmoretime wecouldfinishthejob 条件状语 Thepresidententeredthehall followedbyhisguards 伴随性状语 不定式 todo 的用法 可作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure 不定式做主语时 一般用it当形式主语 把作主语的不定式短语后置 Itisadj ntodosthIttakessbsometimetodosthIttookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob Itisv
