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1、Forwantofadrink Warmingup Doyouknowtheimportanceofwater Watercovers71 oftheEarth ssurface Itisvitalforallknownformsoflife Thehumanbodycontainsfrom55 to78 water dependingonbodysize Watermakesup70 ofourbrainand80 ofourblood Thedistributionofwater OnEarth 96 5 oftheplanet scrustwaterisfoundinseasandoce
2、ans 1 7 ingroundwater 1 7 inglaciersandtheicecapsofAntarcticaandGreenland asmallfractioninotherlargewaterbodies and0 001 intheairasvapor clouds formedoficeandliquidwatersuspendedinair andprecipitation Only2 5 ofthiswaterisfreshwater and98 8 ofthatwaterisinice exceptingiceinclouds andgroundwater Less
3、than0 3 ofallfreshwaterisinrivers lakes andtheatmosphere andanevensmalleramountoftheEarth sfreshwater 0 003 iscontainedwithinbiologicalbodiesandmanufacturedproducts 2 Agreaterquantityofwaterisfoundintheearth sinterior 4 Effectsonhumancivilization Civilizationhashistoricallyflourishedaroundriversandm
4、ajorwaterways Mesopotamia theso calledcradleofcivilization wassituatedbetweenthemajorriversTigrisandEuphrates theancientsocietyoftheEgyptiansdependedentirelyupontheNile RomewasalsofoundedonthebanksoftheItalianriverTiber 台伯河 LargemetropoliseslikeRotterdam London Montreal Paris NewYorkCity BuenosAires
5、 Shanghai Tokyo Chicago andHongKongowetheirsuccessinparttotheireasyaccessibilityviawaterandtheresultantexpansionoftrade Islandswithsafewaterports likeSingapore haveflourishedforthesamereason Changethelandscape Theusesofwater Canyounamesome Agriculture Themostimportantuseofwaterinagricultureisforirri
6、gation whichisakeycomponenttoproduceenoughfood Fordrinking Tofunctionproperly thebodyrequiresbetweenoneandsevenlitersofwaterperdaytoavoiddehydration thepreciseamountdependsonthelevelofactivity temperature humidity andotherfactors Itisnotclearhowmuchwaterintakeisneededbyhealthypeople thoughmostspecia
7、listsagreethatapproximately2liters 6to7glasses ofwaterdailyistheminimumtomaintainproperhydration Washing Washingisalsoanimportantcomponentofseveralaspectsofpersonalbodyhygiene Transportation Theuseofwaterfortransportationofmaterialsthroughriversandcanalsaswellastheinternationalshippinglanesisanimpor
8、tantpartoftheworldeconomy Chemicaluses Wateriswidelyusedinchemicalreactionsasasolvent 溶剂 reactant asolute 溶质 orcatalyst 催化剂 Recreation Humansusewaterformanyrecreationalpurposes aswellasforexercisingandforsports Someoftheseincludeswimming waterskiing boating surfinganddiving Inaddition somesports lik
9、eicehockeyandiceskating areplayedonice Lakesides beachesandwaterparksarepopularplacesforpeopletogotorelaxandenjoyrecreation powergeneration Waterisusedinpowergeneration Hydroelectricityiselectricityobtainedfromhydropower Hydroelectricpowercomesfromwaterdrivingawaterturbineconnectedtoagenerator Hydro
10、electricityisalow cost non polluting renewableenergysource Theenergyissuppliedbythemotionofwater Typicallyadamisconstructedonariver creatinganartificiallakebehindit Waterflowingoutofthelakeisforcedthroughturbinesthatturngenerators Foodprocessing Boiling steaming andsimmeringarepopularcookingmethodst
11、hatoftenrequireimmersingfoodinwateroritsgaseousstate steam Waterisalsousedfordishwashing Wateralsoplaysmanycriticalroleswithinthefieldoffoodscience Itisimportantforafoodscientisttounderstandtherolesthatwaterplayswithinfoodprocessingtoensurethesuccessoftheirproducts Thescarcityofwater Waterregulation
12、 YutheGreatLIBing IrrigationsystemXimenBaotamedtheriverYeSouth to NorthwaterDiversionProject Valueeverydropofwater Textappreciation para1 para2 Theauthorisissuingawarning Para1 Whentheword crisisisrarelyfarbehind 1 Whenpeoplementiontheword water youknowtheyaregoingtotalkaboutwatercrisis Rarelyfarbeh
13、ind usuallynear Water isthenewoil byinsatiabledemand Likeoil water whichhasbeenstupidlywasted isbecominganexpensivecommodityandwillsoonbeexhaustedbyexcessivecomsumption Overwhelmv Ifyouareoverwhelmedbyafeelingorevent itaffectsyouverystrongly andyoudonotknowhowtodealwithit eg Nodifficultycanoverwhelm
14、us 2 Ifagroupofpeopleoverwhelmaplaceoranothergroup theygaincompletecontrolorvictoryoverthem Eg ItwasclearthatonemassiveAlliedoffensivewouldoverwhelmtheweakenedenemy Aquifersarefalling Theauthorusesaccurateandspecificverbstodescribewhatishappeningtomajorwater holdingpartsofearth Falling becominglowVa
15、nishing meltingDryingup becomingdryNolongerflowingtothesea nolongeracontinuousflowofwater Everyonemustuselesswater Allofusmustuselesswatertoavoidsuchdisastersasfamine epidemicandmassmigration asolution antidote Para2 Bringingsupplyanddemand Itisextremelydifficulttobalancepeople sdemandformorewateran
16、dtheamountofwateravailable Bringing intoequilibrium make match equilibrium 1 abalanceFortheeconomytobeinequilibrium incomemustequalexpenditure 2 normalcalmstateofmindChangeintheworldaroundusdisturbsourinnerequilibrium Capacity 1 N VAR能力 才能Hermentalcapacityandtemperamentareasremarkableashis 2N UNCOUNT 工厂 企业 地区的 生产量 生产 或运输 能力Breadfactoriesareworkingatfullcapacity 3N COUNT 设备的 容量 功率 马力 anaircraftwithabomb carryingcapacityof454kg 载弹量为454千克的飞机 ability 普通用词 指人先天的或学来的各种能力 capacity 侧重指人的潜在能力 通常不指体力 多指才智
