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1、 DragonCultureinChina OriginofChineseDragon DragonculturesexitinboththeEasternandWesternworld However therearetotallydifferentconnotations内涵underthedifferentculturebackgrounds Somescholarsbelievethatdragonoriginatedfromtotemsofdifferenttribes部落inancientChina Somesuggestthatitcomesfromastylizeddepict
2、ion固定形式ofexistinganimals suchassnakes fishorcrocodiles Inall dragondoesn texistatall itisanimaginaryanimal Chinesedragontraditionallysymbolizesstrengthandauspicious 吉祥 inthepastpeoplethinkitcontroloverwater rainfallandfloods Itisalsoasymbolofluck TheChineseevenhaveayearofthedragon anditissaidthatany
3、oneborninthisyearwillbehealthy wealthy andwise InordertodistinguishtheChinesedragon 龙 andtheEnglishdragon somedictionariescalltheChineseoneas Chinesedragon todistinctfromtheEnglishone Englishoneisspelledas dragon whiletheChineseoneas loong However theideashavenotbeeninbroadagreementsofar Suggestions
4、ofLoong AstheimageofChinaintheworldisdragon thewesterners especiallytheChristians oftenmisunderstandChinesecharacters TheymaythinkChineseisabarbarous残暴的peopleforthedifferenceinculture Thus thepromotionofadopting loong seemsquitenecessaryinmaintainingtheChineseimagewhichisactuallyakindandpersistentpe
5、ople WhydidancientChinesepeoplecreatesuchanimaginaryanimal ThedevelopmentofagricultureinancientChinaDragonsareconsideredasthegovernorsofrain Theyhavethepowertodecidewhereandwhentohaverainfalls Thekingsofdragonsliveinthedragonpalacesundertheoceans ImageofChinesedragon Nobodyreallyknowswherethedragonc
6、omesfrom Thedragonlookslikeacombinationofmanyanimals isdescribedvisually形象地asacomposite合成体ofpartsfromnineanimals Thehornsofadeer 角似鹿theheadofacamel 头似驼theeyesofarabbit 眼如兔theneckofasnake 项似蛇theabdomenofalargecockle 腹如蜃thescalesofacarp 鳞如鱼theclawsofaneagle 爪似鹰thepawsofatiger 掌似虎andtheearsofanox 身如牛 T
7、hecharacteristicsofthedragon SymbolicValueinChina Historically thedragonwasthesymboloftheEmperorofChina fordragonsareviewedasbeingpotentandauspiciouspowers Chineseemperorsthinktheyaretherealdragonsandthesonsofheaven Thebedstheysleeponarecalledthedragonbeds thethronecalledthedragonseat andtheemperor
8、sceremonial正式的dressescalledthedragonrobes 1 RulerofweatherandwaterChinesedragonsarestronglyassociated使联系withwaterinpopularbelief Theyarebelievedtobetherulersofmovingbodiesofwater suchaswaterfalls rivers seasorflood Intimesofdrought干旱orflooding itwascustomaryforthelocalpeopleandgovernmentofficialstol
9、eadthecommunityinofferingsacrificesandconducingotherreligiousrites仪式toappease满足thedragon eithertoaskforrain TherearefourmajorDragonKings representingeachofthefourseas TheEastSea theSouthSea theWestSea andtheNorthSea Becauseofthisassociation联想 theyareseenas incharge ofwater relatedweatherphenomenon 2
10、 Symbolofimperialauthority皇权Thedragon especiallyyelloworgoldendragonswithfiveclaws抓oneachfoot wasasymbolforemperorinmanyChinesedynasties Theimperialthrone王座wascalledtheDragonThrone DuringthelateQingDynasty thedragonwasevenadoptedasthenationalflag Thedragonisfeaturedin体现thecarving雕塑intheimperialpalac
11、esandtombs墓碑 清康熙 清乾隆 InsomeChineselegends传奇 anEmperormightbebornwithabirthmark胎记intheshapeofadragon Andincontrast theEmpressofChinawasoftenidentifiedwiththeFenghuang orphoenix FormsofdragoncultureinChina 1 ThedragonplaysanimportantpartinChineseFestivals 2 Thedragondancehasalonghistory whichwasalread
12、yapopulareventduringtheSongDynasty 960 1279AD 3 TheDragonBoatFestival isalmostpurely纯粹地dragon relatedfestival whichbecomespopularinternationaleventsnow 5 Dragonandarchitecturedecoration 北京北海公园 九龙壁 承德须弥福寿庙大殿 上海豫园 Dragon sninesons 嘲凤 螭吻 又叫鸱尾 鸱吻 口润嗓粗而好吞 遂成殿脊两端的吞脊兽 取其灭火消灾 椒图形状像螺蚌 性好闭 最反感别人进入它的巢穴 将其形象雕在大
13、门的铺首上 或刻画在门板上以求安全 蚣蝮性喜水 被雕成桥柱 建筑上滴水的兽形 螭首嘴大 肚子能容纳很多水 在建筑中多用于排水口装饰 赑屃 貌似龟 有齿 力大 好负重 其背亦负以重物 在石碑下的石龟为其形象 在拆除北京旧城墙时 在东便门和西便门的城墙下各发现半个赑屃 因此有赑屃驮着北京城之说 睚眦睚眦相貌似豺 好腥杀 常被雕饰在刀柄剑鞘上 睚眦的本意是怒目而视 所谓 一饭之德必偿 睚眦之怨必报 所以 像豺一样的龙子就出现在刀柄刀鞘上了 狻猊狻猊本是狮子的别名 所以形状像狮 好烟火 又好坐 庙中佛座及香炉上能见其风采 Assignments 1 鲤鱼跳龙门 3 画龙点睛 StoriesoridiomsaboutDragonsinChina
