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1、TheLiteratureofAmericanRomanticism 1 Distinctfeatures2 Leadingfigures Distinctfeatures 1 Americanromanticstendedtomoralize toedify熏陶ratherthantoentertain2 Americanromanticismpresentedanentirelynewexperiencealien相异的toEuropeanculture thewestwardexpansion themythofaNewGardenofEdeninAmerica thePuritanhe
2、ritage遗产 3 Americanromanticismproducedafeelingof newness whichinspiredtheromanticimagination AmericanRomanticismVS EuropeanRomanticism EuropeanRomanticism expressedtheideology意识形态andsentiment感情ofclassesandsocialstrata阶层whowerediscontentwith andopposedto thedevelopmentofcapitalismAmericanRomanticism
3、1 lesswelldefined exhibitingmodifications修改fromthepeculiarnatureofAmericancultureofthetime2 wasverycomfortablewithAmericanspiritualheritageanditsidealsofdemocracyandequality Similarities 1 Moralenthusiasm2 Intuitiveperception3 Faithinthevalueofindividulism4 Apresumptionthatthenaturalworldisasourceof
4、goodnessandhumansocietyasourceofcorruption贪污 TheuniquecharacteristicsofAmericanRomanticism 1 TheAmericannationalexperienceof pioneeringintothewest provedtobearichsourceofmaterialforAmericanwriterstodrawupon 2 ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanlitera
5、ture 3 WiththegrowthofAmericannationalconsciousness Americancharactertypesspeakinglocaldialectsappearedinpoetryandfictionwithincreasingfrequency 4 TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvaluesandAmericanRomanticism Leadingfigures EarlyAmericanRomanticism 1 Was
6、hingtonIrving2 JamesFenimoreCooper3 WilliamCullenBryant4 HenryWadsworthLongfellowTranscendentalism 1 RalphWaldoEmerson2 HenryDavidThoreau亨利 大卫 梭罗HighRomantics 1 EdgarAllanPoe2 NathanielHawthorne3 HermanMelville4 WaltWhitman5 EmilyElizabethDickinson WashingtonIrving 1783 1859 thefirstprosestylistofAm
7、ericanromanticism Masterpieces TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon Gent 1 TheauthordrewuponthefascinatingwildernessofhisnativeNewYorkforhisartisticmaterial 2 TheLegendofSleepyHollow RipVanWinkle aresetonafictional虚构的groundofNewEnglandinwhichrealityandimaginationconverge 聚合BracebridgeHallandTalesofaTravell
8、erSpanishbooks JamesFenimoreCooper 1789 1851 aprolificandpopularAmericanwriter novelist Masterpieces TheLeatherstockingTales fivenovelssetintheearlyfrontierperiodofAmericanhistoryaboutAmericanwildernessThePioneers 1823 TheLastoftheMohicans 1826 ThePrairie 1827 ThePathfinder 1840 TheDeerslayer 1841 T
9、heyillustratetheimportanceofthefrontierandthewildernessforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofAmericanliterature NattyBumppo thecenturalfigure isasymboloftheAmericandesireforunitywithnature ThroughNattyBumppo CooperwasabletoexaminewhathappenedtoAmericancultureasitbecamemoreandmorecivilizedascivilizationpushed
10、fartherandfartherwest WilliamCullenBryant 1794 1878 romanticpoet journalist andeditoroneoftheearliestnaturalistpoets theAmericanWordsworth Masterpieces Thanatopsis死亡观 BryantdevelopsaviewofdeathwhichrepresentsasharpbreakfromthePuritanattitudetowardman sfinaldestiny TothePuritans deathwasseenasaprelim
11、inary准备toanafterlife Bryant however treatsdeathaspartofnature thedestinyofusall andthegreatequalizer ThePrairies大草原 牧场 Heusedatypeofpoetrycalledblankverse ThepoemconnectspastandfutureintheAmericanprairies HenryWadsworthLongfellow 1807 1882 poet educatorthefirstAmericantotranslateDante sTheDivineCome
12、dy神曲 意大利诗人但丁作品 oneofthefiveFireside炉边PoetsthefirstAmericanpoettowritethenarrative叙述的poems Masterpieces narrativepoems Evangeline伊万杰琳TheSongofHiawatha海华沙之歌TheCourtshipofMilesStandish迈尔斯 斯坦迪什的求婚TheSongofHiawathaisofspecialsignificanceasitisthefirstAmericanepic史诗 叙事诗inblankverse无韵诗abouttheAmericanIndia
13、ns RalphWaldoEmerson 1803 1882 essayist lecturer andpoetledtheTranscendentalistmovementachampion supporter ofindividualismaprescient预知的criticofthecountervailing抵消的 对抗性的pressuresofsociety Masterpieces Nature IthasbeencalledthemanifestoofAmericantranscendentalism TheAmericanScholar Ithasbeencalled Ame
14、rican sDeclarationofIntellectualIndependence becauseEmersoncalledonAmericanwriterstowriteaboutAmericainanAmericanwayinsteadofimitatingthingsforeign HenryDavidThoreau 1817 1862 aprosestylist aloverofnature aNewEnglandmystic asocialphilosopher aparticularkindofromantic athoroughtranscendentalist Maste
15、rpieces Walden areflectionuponsimplelivinginnaturalsurroundings 1 Itisdeceptively迷惑地causualandreadslikeadiaryofanaturelover 2 It saspiritualbook3 style propheticvoicedirectforcefulsentenceconversationalintonehumorproverbialexpressionsbrieftales fables寓言andallegoriesn 寓言metaphors tomakethereaderseval
16、uatethewayhelivedandthought torevealthehiddenspiritualpossibilitiesineveryone slife tocondemntheweaknessanderrorsofsociety EdgarAllanPoe 1809 1849 partoftheAmericanRomanticMovementbestknownforthetalesofmysteryandthemacabre 以死亡为主题的oneoftheearliestAmericanpractitioners实践者oftheshortstorytheinventorofthedetectivefictiongenre侦探小说流派contributedtotheemerginggenreofsciencefiction Masterpieces ToHelen TheRaven Thetruebeauty Physicalbeauty Spiritualbeauty NathanielHawthorne 1804 1864 Heissignificantasaroma
