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1、1 授课学案学生姓名： 授课教师： 颜丹丹 班主任： 科目： 初三英语上课时间： 2016 年 月 日 时 时跟踪上次授课情况上次授课回顾 完全掌握 基本掌握 部分掌握 没有掌握作业完成情况 全部完成 基本完成 部分完成 没有完成本次授课内容授课标题 过去完成时学习目标 1.通过与一般过去时的比较，导入过去完成时的概念。2.使学生正确理解和掌握过去完成时的概念结构和用法。重点难点 过去完成时的用法。授课内容【专题导入】原句： An apple a day, keeps the doctor away. ate an apple slept -|- |-|- Had eaten an apple
2、 slept now 定从： I had eaten an apple before I slept. (After I had eaten an apple, I slept.) 【考点梳理】一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时（ past perfect tense）表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。 它表示动作发生的时间是 “ 过去的过去 ” 。 它是一个相对的时态， 只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。-|- |-|- 那时以前 那时 现在构成： 过去完成时由 “ 助动词 had + 过去分词 ” 构成， 它的否定句是在 had 后边加 not，变一般
3、疑问句是把 had 提前。其中 had 通用于各种人称。E.g. I had reached the station before 9： 00 oclock. I had not reached the station before 9： 00 oclock. Had you reached the station before 9： 00 oclock ？（思考如何回答）二、用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 这个过去的时间状语有 by, by 2 the time of , 等介词短语或者是 when， before， after 等引导的从句。如： 由 by,
4、by the end of, by then 等引导的状语从句。By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 翻译：昨夜十点钟之前他已经上床睡觉了。 He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. 由 when， before， after 等引导的从句。They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.( 当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教师 ) 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词引导
5、的宾语从句中， 一般用过去完成时。 ， 表示在谈话或产生某种想法之前发生的事情。例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁没关门。I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与 for 或 since 等连用 .如 : She had worked in this school since it ope
6、ned 25 years ago. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了 20 分钟。三、过去完成时 -语法判定根据 “ 标志 ” 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by ， by the end of ， by then, 或者 when， after， before 等引导的状语从句。以及句子中会出现的 already,just,once 等词语。也会有 for 或 since I met Wang Tao in t
7、he street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 注意：我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示过去先发生的事件，因为有时句意非常清楚。 before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。例如： After he had finished his homework, he went to bed./After I finished my work, I went home. After he
8、closed the door, he left the classroom. 动作的顺序往往十分清楚时，我们通常用一般过去时表示依次发生的事件。例如： I got out of the taxi, paid the fare, tipped the driver and dashed into the station. 【经典例题】3 1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes
9、D. had studied, had gone 解析： 他去北京之前在上大学学习了 4 年 。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选 B。2.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案 D。 “ 把书忘在办公室 ” 发生在 “ 去取书 ” 这一过去的动作
10、之前，因此 “ 忘了书 ” 这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中 when 代表时间的一点，表示在 “ 同学们正忙于 ” 这一背景下， when 所引导的动作正在发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months. A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to 解析： 小培说她去了海南三个月 。 have been to 和 have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的 had been in. 应选 B. （教师版打印，学生
11、版解析不打印）【举一反三】一、单选1 When Li Ming hurried home ， he found that his mother _already_to hospital. A has； been sent B had； sent C has； sent D had； been sent 2 We _five English songs by the end of last term. A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned 3 Han Mei told me she _lunch ， so she w
12、as very hungry. A has had B hasnt have C have had D hadnt had 4 By the end of 1976 ， many buildings _built in the city. A have been B have C had been D will 5 She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. A has left ； comes B had left ； would come C had left ； came D left ；
13、 had come 4 6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink. A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying 7 The meeting _when Mr. Wang _to school. A has begun； get B has been on； get C had begun； got D had been on； got （答案： 1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C）【回顾与反思】做题时常见错误
14、如下：一、 had 形式易写错例：例： He hads （ have） gone home when I got to his office. 答案： had 解析： have/has 的过去式都为 had， had 在过去完成时中也是助动词，不能再有单三人称的变化。二、易与现在完成时弄混例： He asked what I have （ have） said. 答案： had 解析：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果。而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。三、易与一般过去时弄混例： She lived （ live ） in New York for eight years before he
15、came to China. 答案： had lived 解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要 “ 过去 ” ，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。5 课后作业学生姓名： 授课教师： 颜丹丹 班主任： 科目： 初三英语上课时间： 2016 年 月 日 时 时跟踪上次授课情况上次授课回顾 完全掌握 基本掌握 部分掌握 没有掌握作业完成情况 全部完成 基本完成 部分完成 没有完成本次授课内容授课标题 过去完成时学习目标 1.通过与一般过去时的比较，导入过去完成时的概念。2.使学生正确理解和掌握过去完成时的概念结构和用法。重点难点 过去完成时的用法。一 . 单项选择1 He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2
