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1、 Unit3 Focus RoundUptheGuns OrDon t BackgroundInformation LanguageFeatures DetailedReading Post Reading OrganizationAnalysis Warming upQuestions Passage1 theymaywellincreasethenumberofregularly armedAmericans 可能会增加常规配枪的美国人的数量 may表示可能性的推测 通常用在肯定句和否定句中 其意思等于maybe或perhaps 即 或许 也许 Wemustnotallow norshal
2、lwetolerate theactionsofcriminals 此句中must表示 必须 应该 之意 语气比should和oughtto强烈 shall表示命令 非得这样不可 不容商量 逃避和否定的 命令语气非常强 这一句用两个情态词表明了县行政司法长官捍卫持枪权的决心 不同的情态词表达不同的意义 有的表示对事实的主观判断 有的表示可能性 可取性 有的表达义务 职责 有的表达准许等 情态动词暗示 语篇存在个人主观性 此人在说话 在表达观点或态度 此人拥有做出判断的知识 具有给予允许或分配职责的资格 如果情态动词使用频繁 主观性便相应增多 新闻的真实性情态语气有绝对肯定的 也有各种程度的不怎
3、么肯定的 例如 1 badinfrastructurewillletyoudown Unreliableservers insufficientstoragesystemsanddisparatesoftwareapplicationscanwreakhavoconyouelectronicbusiness Times Sept 3 2001 2 Theplanshouldincludethreekeyelements Itmustallowemissionstradinginordertoreducecostsandinduceallnationstoparticipate Itmustas
4、kdevelopingcountriestoadoptaceilingagainstwhichtheirreductionscanbemeasured Times June 25 2001 p 33 例 1 中的will和can以及例 2 中的can都表达说话者相当肯定的语气 例 1 中的should和must传达 应该 必须 的意思 即表达 义务 这种情态意义 语言学家Fowler认为 不但情态动词用来表达情态意义 而且情态形容词 如likely unlikely 批判形容词 如correct right 和一些副词 如perhaps probably certainly 也常用来表达说话者
5、对有关事实或行为所持的看法 在新闻语篇中 特别是在社论中 情态词时而露面 用来表达信息来源者的观点或态度 BackgroundInformation List Obama s23ExecutiveActionsonGunViolencePresidentObamabeganhispushonJanuary 16th 2013forthemostsweepingchangestogunlawsinnearlytwodecades includingbanningthesaleofcertainsemiautomaticriflesandhigh capacityammunitionmagazin
6、es Inaddition helaidout23executiveactionsthathebelieveswillhelpreducegunviolence Heretheyare asreleasedbytheWhiteHouse ThePresidentisannouncingthatheandtheAdministrationwill BackgroundInformation BackgroundInformation 1 IssueaPresidentialMemorandumtorequirefederalagenciestomakerelevantdataavailablet
7、othefederalbackgroundchecksystem 2 Addressunnecessarylegalbarriers particularlyrelatingtotheHealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityAct thatmaypreventstatesfrommakinginformationavailabletothebackgroundchecksystem 3 Improveincentivesforstatestoshareinformationwiththebackgroundchecksystem 4 Directt
8、heAttorneyGeneraltoreviewcategoriesofindividualsprohibitedfromhavingaguntomakesuredangerouspeoplearenotslippingthroughthecracks 5 Proposerulemakingtogivelawenforcementtheabilitytorunafullbackgroundcheckonanindividualbeforereturningaseizedgun BackgroundInformation 6 PublishaletterfromATFtofederallyli
9、censedgundealersprovidingguidanceonhowtorunbackgroundchecksforprivatesellers 7 Launchanationalsafeandresponsiblegunownershipcampaign 8 Reviewsafetystandardsforgunlocksandgunsafes ConsumerProductSafetyCommission 9 IssueaPresidentialMemorandumtorequirefederallawenforcementtotracegunsrecoveredincrimina
10、linvestigations 10 ReleaseaDOJreportanalyzinginformationonlostandstolengunsandmakeitwidelyavailabletolawenforcement BackgroundInformation 11 NominateanATFdirector 12 Providelawenforcement firstresponders andschoolofficialswithpropertrainingforactiveshootersituations 13 Maximizeenforcementeffortstopr
11、eventgunviolenceandprosecuteguncrime 14 IssueaPresidentialMemorandumdirectingtheCentersforDiseaseControltoresearchthecausesandpreventionofgunviolence 15 DirecttheAttorneyGeneraltoissueareportontheavailabilityandmosteffectiveuseofnewgunsafetytechnologiesandchallengetheprivatesectortodevelopinnovative
12、technologies 16 ClarifythattheAffordableCareActdoesnotprohibitdoctorsaskingtheirpatientsaboutgunsintheirhomes 17 Releasealettertohealth careprovidersclarifyingthatnofederallawprohibitsthemfromreportingthreatsofviolencetolaw enforcementauthorities BackgroundInformation 18 Provideincentivesforschoolst
13、ohireschoolresourceofficers 19 Developmodelemergency responseplansforschools housesofworshipandinstitutionsofhighereducation 20 Releasealettertostatehealthofficialsclarifyingthescopeofmental healthservicesthatMedicaidplansmustcover 21 Finalizeregulationsclarifyingessentialhealthbenefitsandparityrequ
14、irementswithinACAexchanges 22 Committofinalizingmental health parityregulations 23 LaunchanationaldialogueledbySecretariesSebeliusandDuncanonmentalhealth BackgroundInformation BackgroundInformation 美国媒体认为奥巴马的控枪努力可能面临国会共和党人和枪械利益集团的阻挠 TheSecondAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution AwellregulatedMilit
15、iabeingnecessarytothesecurityofafreeState therightofthepeopletokeepandbearArmsshallnotbeinfringed 译文 纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的 人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯 BackgroundInformation BackgroundInformation SenateGunDebateMovestoJudiciaryCommittee Listentothefollowingnewsandanswerthequestions Question1 Whowasshotintheheadd
16、uringthe2011Arizonashootingrampage Question2 Whatdoguncontroladvocateswanttodo Question3 Whatistheopinionofgunrightsdefenders Question4 Whatkindofstatewillpublicopinionremain Listentothenewsagainandfillintheblanks SenateGunDebateMovestoJudiciaryCommitteeinConnecticut movie goersinColorado collegestudentsinVirginia andcongressionalconstituentsinArizona Firsttospeakatthehearing formerCongresswomanGabrielleGiffords whowasshotintheheadduringthe2011Arizonashootingrampage Wemustdosomething Itwillbehar
