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1、高中英语Lesson 6 Head Start Testing英语听力:asf听力文件无病毒，请放心打开听力理解Key words:1. alphabet 字母表2. federal 联盟的，联邦的3. design 设计；计划4. release 释放，解放5. swamp 沼泽地6. oppose 反对7. nutrition 营养Exercises:I. Fill in the blanks with the words you have heard from the report.1. Four-year-old children in Head Start _ throughout
2、the United States are _ a test. This test is _ to show if Head Start is _ in its goal.2. The officials will _ the _ of the children against national _ in early arithmetic, reading and _.3. They receive _ preparation for their _ year in school. Some _ half a _ in Head Start, others a _ day.4. But som
3、e educators _ the idea that one _ in Head Start could _ poor children to average _.5. Still, even some educators who _ the test _ with federal _ that Head Start needs to do better to _ children for school.II. answer the following questions according to what you have heard from the report.1. What is
4、the goal of the Head Start programs?2. When did the Head Start programs begin?3. How much does the government spend a year to pay for Head Start?4. According to federal officials, how many children in the U.S. take part in the programs?5. In recent years, what have federal managers of Head Start bee
5、n telling programs to do?Head Start TestingThis is Steve Ember with the VOA Special English Education Report.Four-year-old children in Head Start programs throughout the United States are taking a test. This test is meant to show if Head Start is succeeding in its goal. The goal is to make sure chil
6、dren from poor families are as prepared to begin school as other children. The four-year-olds are being tested for their ability to recognize simple words and letters in the alphabet. They are also being tested for their skills with numbers. Federal education officials say the test will help the Hea
7、d Start program improve. The officials will compare the performance of the children against national averages in early arithmetic, reading and writing.Head Start began almost forty years ago. The children are between the ages of three and five. They receive free preparation for their first year in s
8、chool. Some spend half a day in Head Start, others a full day. Still others take part in a program of home visits. Local non-profit organizations operate the programs. The government spends more than six-and-a-half thousand-million dollars a year to pay for Head Start.Federal officials say close to
9、a million children throughout the country take part in the programs. Wade Horn leads the Head Start program for the government. Mr Horn says the test is designed to learn which kinds of programs help children the most. The United States Department of Health and Human Services released a report on He
10、ad Start in June. The agency compared Head Start children with children from average, middle-income families. It said the Head Start children are not as ready for school as the others. But some educators criticize the idea that one year in Head Start could raise poor children to average levels. Some
11、 also criticize parts of the test. For example, critics noted that the children are asked to point to a picture of a“swamp”. They say a lot of children, especially from cities, might not know that a swamp is a wetland area with grass.Still, even some educators who oppose the test agree with federal
12、officials that Head Start needs to do better to prepare children for school. Currently, local programs decide what they want to teach. Many have placed major importance on health, nutrition and social development. In recent years, federal managers of Head Start have been telling programs to place mo
13、re importance on basic skills needed for school.This VOA Special English Education Report was written by Jerilyn Watson. This is Steve Ember.良好开始实验这里是由史蒂夫埃博为您报道的美国之音特别英语教育报道。在美国，那些参加良好开始项目的四岁儿童正参加一项测试。测试旨在说明良好开始计划是否成功。该项计划的目的是确保贫穷家庭的孩子也能像其他孩子一样做好上学的准备。测试内容是这些四岁儿童辨认简单词和字母的能力和掌握数字的技能。联邦教育官员说这项测试有助于良好开
14、始项目的进行。官员们将把这些儿童的表现和全国普通儿童在数学、阅读和写作方面的表现进行比较。良好开始计划于40年前开始实施。参加者是三到五岁的孩子。他们第一年在学校免费接受教育。有半天参加的，也有全天都参加的，还有的是通过家访来参加此项目。当地的非赢利组织实施了这项计划。政府每年要花费六亿五千万美元来支持该计划。联邦官员说全国有近一百万孩子参加了该项计划。韦德霍因负责该计划的实施。霍恩先生说该计划旨在了解什么样的计划对儿童最有利。美国卫生及公共服务部六月份发布了一个关于良好计划的报告。该机构把参加良好开始计划的孩子和一般的、中等收入家庭的孩子进行了比较。结果发现参加良好开始计划的孩子没有其他孩子
15、准备得好。有些教育者对参加一年良好计划就能将贫穷家庭孩子提高到一般家庭孩子的水平的做法提出批评，有些则对部分测试方法提出批评。例如，批评者注意到他们让孩子们指出一幅“沼泽地”的画。批评者说，很多孩子，尤其是城市的孩子或许不知道沼泽地是一块长满草的湿地。然而，一些反对测试的教育者同意联邦官员的说法，认为需要更好地使孩子们做好学前准备。目前，各州计划决定孩子们的学习内容。很多计划强调健康、营养和社会发展的重要性。近年来，联邦良好开始计划负责人一直宣称该计划要注重孩子学前基本技能的培养。本期美国之音特别英语教育报道由杰瑞琳沃森撰稿，史蒂夫埃博报道。答案：I. 1. programs/ taking/ meant/ succeeding2. compare/ performance/ averages/ writing3. free/ first/ spend/ day/ full4. criticize/ year/ raise/ levels5. oppose/ agree/ officials/ prepareII. 1. To make sure children from poor families are as prepared to begin school as ot
