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1、高一英语暑假专题高一英语暑假专题 虚拟语气虚拟语气冀教版冀教版 本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 暑假专题 虚拟语气 1 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想 所说的是一个条件 不一定 是事实 或与事实相反 虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多 2 条件句可分为两类 一类为真实条件句 一类为非真实条件句 非真实条 件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况 故采用虚拟语气 1 真实条件句用于陈述语气 假设的情况有可能发生 各种结构参见下表 条件从句主句 shall will 动词 原形 祈使句 句型 一般现在时 情态动词一般现在 时 例如 If he comes he will bring his viol
2、in 如果他来 会带小提琴来 的 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it A will rain B rains C rained D is rained 答案 B 真实条件句主句为将来时 从句用一般现在时 注意 1 在真实条件句中 主句不能用 be going to 表示将来 该用 shall will 错 If you leave now you are never going to regret it 对 If you leave now you will never regret it 2 表示真理时 主句谓语动词不用 shall
3、 will 动词原形 而直接用一 般现在时的动词形式 2 非真实条件句 1 虚拟语气可以表示过去 现在和将来的情况 时态的基本特点是时态往后 推移 a 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 一般过去时 be 用 were should would 等 动词原 形 例如 If they were here they would help you 如果他们在这儿 会帮助 你的 含义 They are not here they can t help you b 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 过去完成时 should would 等 have 过 去分词 例如 If he had come ye
4、sterday I should would have told him about it 如果他昨天来的话 我会把这件事告诉他的 含义 He did not come yesterday so I did not tell him about it c 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想 条件从句主句 一般过去时 were 不定式 should 动词原形 should would 等 动词原 形 例如 If you succeeded everything would be all right 如果你将来成 功了 一切都会好的 If you should succeed everything
5、 would be all right If you were to succeed everything would be all right 含义 You are not likely to succeed everything will be what it is now 3 混合条件句 有时 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间 主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形 式因时间不同而不同 这种条件句叫做混合条件句 例如 If you had asked him yesterday you would know what to do now 如果 你昨天问过他 今天就知道做什么了 从句与过去事实相反
6、主句与现在事实相反 If it had rained last night 过去 it would be very cold today 现 在 如果昨晚下过雨 今天就会很冷了 4 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有 were should 或 had 时 可省略 if 再把 were should 或 had 移到从句的句首 实行倒装 例如 Were they here now they could help us If they were here now they could help us 他们现在在的话 就会帮助我们了 Had you come earlier you wou
7、ld have met him If you had come earlier you would have met him 你来得早一点 就碰到他了 Should it rain the crops would be saved Were it to rain the crops would be saved 假如下雨 庄稼就有救了 注意 在虚拟语气的从句中 动词 be 的过去时态一律用 were 不用 was 即在从句中 be 用 were 代替 例如 If I were you I would go to look for him 如果我是你 就会去找他 If he were here
8、everything would be all right 如果他在这儿 一切都 会好的 典型例题 to do the work I should do it some other day A If were I B I were C Were I D Was I 答案 C 在虚拟条件状语中如果有 were should had 这三个词 通常将 if 省略 主语提前 变成 were should had 主语的形式 但要注意 在虚拟条件 状语从句中 省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式 如我们可说 Were I not to do 而不能说 Weren t I to do 5 特殊的
9、虚拟语气词 should 1 在主语从句中的应用 It is demanded necessary a pity that 等结构的主语从句 谓语动 词用 should 加动词原形 should 可省略 可用的词有三类 suggested ordered required proposed demanded requested insisted 等 important necessary natural imperative strange 等 It is a pity a shame no wonder 等 that should do 2 在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令 建议 要求等一类动
10、词后面的从句中 像 order suggest propose require demand request insist command insist should do 等 例如 I suggest that we should hold a meeting next week 我建议下周召 开个会议 He insisted that he should be sent there 他要求被派到那儿去 注意 如 suggest insist 不表示 建议 或 坚持要某人做某事时 即它们用 于其本意 暗示 表明 坚持认为 时 宾语从句用陈述语气 判断改错 错 You pale face su
11、ggests that you should be ill 对 Your pale face suggests that you are ill 错 I insisted that you should be wrong 对 I insisted that you were wrong 3 在表语从句 同位语从句中的应用 suggestion proposal idea plan order advice 等名词后面的表语从句 同位语从句中要用虚拟语气 即 should 动词原形 例如 My idea is that we should get more people to attend th
12、e conference 我 的想法是让更多的人来参加会议 I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week 我提了个 建议 下周我们开个会 6 wish 的用法 1 wish 后面的从句 表示与事实相反的情况 或表示将来不太可能实现的愿 望 其宾语从句的动词形式为 主句从句 从句动作先于主句动作 be 的过去式为 were 现在时过去时 从句动作与主句动作同 时发生 had 过去分 词 过去时过去完成时 将来不大可能实现的愿 望 将来时would could 动词原形 例如 I wish I were as tall as y
13、ou 我希望和你一样高 He wished he hadn t said that 他希望他没讲过那样的话 I wish it would rain tomorrow 我希望明天下雨就好了 2 wish to do wish sb sth to do 例如 I wish to see the manager I want to see the manager 我希望见一见经理 I wish the manager to be informed at once I want the manager to be informed at once 我希望经理能马上得到消息 7 比较 if only
14、与 only if only if 表示 只有 if only 则表示 如果 就好了 If only 也可用 于陈述语气 例如 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings 只有闹钟响了 我才会醒 If only the alarm clock had rung 当时闹钟响就好了 If only he comes early 但愿他早点回来 8 It is high time that It is high time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用 should 加动 词原形 但 should 不可省略 例如 It is time that the
15、 children went to bed 孩子们该睡觉了 It is high time that the children should go to bed 9 need 不必做 和 本不必做 didn t need to do 表示过去不必做某事 事实上也没做 needn t have done 表示过去不必做某事 但事实上做了 例如 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary so she didn t need to walk back home 约翰开车去车站接玛丽 所以她不必步行回家了 John went to the s
16、tation with the car to meet Mary so she needn t have walked back home 约翰开车去车站接玛丽 所以她本不必步行回家了 Mary 步行回家了 没 有遇上 John 的车 典型例题 There was plenty of time She A mustn t have hurried B couldn t have hurried C must not hurry D needn t have hurried 答案 D needn t have done 意为 本不必 即已经做了某事 而实际上不 必要 mustn t have done 用法不正确 对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为 couldn t have done 不可能已经 must not do 不可以 用于一般现在时 模拟试题 答题时间 60 分钟 1 Everything if Albert hadn t called the fire brigade A will be destroyed B will have been destroyed C woul
