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1、2016高考英语暑假自选训练（6）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real sign
2、ificance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) off
3、ered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the west, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land ma
4、nagement. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died. Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an
5、 argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.So tradeoffs will have to be made. Some scenic sports will be sacrificed. Some species (物种) will be forced to move, or
6、will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.The lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money
7、 in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.The money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institution that control it wil
8、l shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.本文是一篇说明文。19世纪，美国政府拨款修建铁路和公路，这既带来了好处，也带来了一些不利。现在21世纪，一种新型的电力系统会给美国带来好处还是坏处，这是值得考虑的一个问题。在建这种新型的电
9、力系统时，我们要记住铁路和公路的影响。1What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.B. Some railroad stops remained underused.C. Land in the West was hard to manage.D. Land grants went into private hands.答案：C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“.and in both cases the land
10、ownership has presented unique challenges to land management.”可知，建铁路导致的问题是“土地所有权给土地管理带来了挑战”。A项是修建公路的影响；B项说一些铁路站一直未被充分利用，是错误的；D项原文未说。2What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?A. The transmission of power. B. The use of money and power.C.
11、The conservation of solar energy. D. The selection of an ideal place. 答案：B。推理判断题。细读最后两段可知，对于可替代能源的发展主要的担忧是钱和力，钱和力可能带来一些好处，有可能被浪费掉，并且带来一些其他的问题。3What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?A. Cautious. B. Approving. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.答案：A。推理判断题。根据全文以及文章的最后一句话“So lets remember
12、 the effects of the railroads and the highroads as we construct these new power plants in the West.”可知，对正在建立新的电力系统是比较谨慎的。4Which is the best title for the passage?A. How the Railways Have Affected the WestB. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestC. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be ReducedD. Ho
13、w the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled答案：B。主旨大意题。文章借助于铁路和公路对美国的影响，要说明的是太阳能这种新的电力系统对美国西部地区会有什么的影响。社会生活类-阅读理解。A Manhattan CrossingNew Yorkers like to say they can walk faster than the crosstown bus. On 34th Street, buses average about four miles an hour. For those in a hurry, pretty much eve
14、ryone here, its an icy pace for a crosstown trip. Janette Sadik-Khan, the citys transportation commissioner, is proposing an interesting fix for 34th Street. The city plan would close 34th Street to non-bus traffic in the block between the Empire State Building and Macys. On the rest of the street,
15、cars would move one way only. It would take getting used to, but for bus passengers, the city says there are more than 40,000 a day on public, tour or commuter (通勤) buses along 34th Street. The plan should cut the commute by up to 35 percent. People in other vehicles or about 10 percent of the human
16、 traffic would have to zig and zag (锯齿形) to get through this section of the city. It is probably fair to say that most are not particularly pleased about the whole concept. So the city needs to answer important questions. Will this unrest mean more traffic on side streets that are already unbearably crowded? Will deliveries be limited to the daybreak hours? Will Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Ms.
