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1、1 Unit 6 Culture and Nonverbal Communication Those who know do not talk Those who talk do not know Lao Zi There s language in her eye her cheek her lip Nay her foot speaks William Shakespeare Troilus and Cressida Speech is silver silence is golden English proverb ACTIONS SPEAKS LOUDER THAN WORDS 1 A
2、n Overview of Nonverbal Communication p 191 199 We communicate with more than the words we speak Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has come up with the following formula Total communication 7 verbal 38 oral 55 facial Studies show that over half of your message is carried through nonverbal elements Your
3、appearance Your body language The tone and the pace of your voice In face to face communication 65 of the information is communicated through nonverbal means Samovar 1981 Ross 1974 Ray L Birdwhistel 1970 Support 1 Charlie Chaplin swept the world with his silent films Modern Times Support 2 Robinson
4、Crusoe talked with Friday without knowing his servant s language In the communication of attitudes 93 of the message is transmitted by the tone of the voice and facial expressions whereas only 7 of the speaker s attitude was transmitted by words Levine 1981 Mehranbian 1968 Support Lovers express emo
5、tions with sparkling eyes and blushing faces or touching hugging and kissing Words are too pale for them The quality of a voice can communicate as much as the words The same words can be tender mocking sarcastic or angry depending on how they are said e g Steven Steven Steven more p 191 192 When you
6、 speak you communicate When you don t speak you may still be communicating A person who truly knows two languages uses both body languages too A good example of this is New York s famous mayor Fiorello La Guardia p193 who communicated in English Italian and Yiddish When films of his speeches are run
7、 without sound it s not too difficult to tell from his gestures the language being spoken Class observation In class how can the teacher identify the concentrated students 2 They may show an interested look wear a smile make some notes or keep their eyes on the teacher On the other hand how can the
8、teacher know the students are not interested in her class They may consciously or unconsciously twist the body bury the head avoid the teacher s eyes wear a blank expression knit the eyebrows or bite the pen 2 What is nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication involves all nonverbal stimuli in
9、a communication setting that are generated by both the source speaker and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver listener Larry A Samovar 1998 In other words it is communication without words 2 What is nonverbal communication It refers to c
10、ommunication through a whole variety of different types of signal come into play including the way we move the gestures we employ the posture we adopt the facial expression we wear the direction of our gaze to the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand from each other Classification Body
11、 language Kinesics 体态语 身势语 posture head movement facial expressions eye behavior gestures handshaking arm movement leg movement kiss hug touch etc Paralanguage 副语言 sound pitch tempo of speech tone volume pause silence turn taking etc Classification Object language 客体语 物体语 clothing personal artifacts
12、 adornment jewelry perfume personal gear etc hair furniture 3 vehicle etc Environmental language 环境语 time language chronemics spatial language proxemics interpersonal distance space seating territoriality color light signs and symbols architecture etc Body language Kinesics The study of how movement
13、 communicates is called Kinesics Kinesic behavior refers to communication through body movements like posture head movement facial expressions eye behavior gestures handshaking arm movement leg movement etc Posture bow Posture and sitting habits offer insight into a culture s deep structure In many
14、Asian cultures the bow is much more than a greeting It signifies that culture s concern with status and rank In Japan for example low posture is an indicator of respect Although it appears simple to the outsider the bowing ritual is actually rather complicated Bow in Japan The person who occupies th
15、e lower station begins the bow and his or her bow must be deeper than the other person s The superior on the other hand determines when the bowing is to end When the participants are of equal rank they begin the bow in the same manner and end at the same time Wai in Thailand The Thai people use a si
16、milar movement called the wai The wai movement which is made by pressing both hands close together in front of one s body with the fingertips reaching to about neck level is used to show respect The lower the head comes to the hands the more respect is shown Crossing legs 1 The manner in which we sit also can communicate a message In U S normal to cross legs while seated women cross at the angle while men cross with angle on the knee Middle East crossing the leg with angle on the knee is inappro
