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1、 城市污水处理厂污泥制取生物柴油的应用基础研究专 业:环境工程硕 士 生:白小娟指导教师:王 怡 副教授摘要污泥作为城市污水处理厂的副产物,其处理成本高、环境隐患大。另一方面,最有前景的绿色能源生物柴油曾被期望可以缓解世界范围的能源危机,但是生物柴油制取原料的有限和昂贵,却成为其大规模生产的瓶颈。由于城市污水处理厂污泥含有一定量的有机物和脂类,用其制取生物柴油,不仅可以减量污泥,而且可以扩大生物柴油原材料的类型和价格。本文在研究污水处理厂污泥制取生物柴油可行性的基础上,对制取方法、制取过程中的温度、催化剂、污泥干燥方法等操作条件进行了优化,同时,对比了采用不同污水处理厂不同季节的污泥制取生物柴
2、油的产率,并对污泥的增脂进行了初步研究;最后对制取过程产生的废物再利用可行性进行了研究。主要结论如下:(1污泥采用原位酯基转移法制取生物柴油的产率比先提取油脂后酯化的方法制取的生物柴油产率大,前者更适合于污泥制取生物柴油。在原位酯基转移中:反应温度55,催化剂不含水条件下,生物柴油产率最大;用冷冻干燥法干燥污泥比用晒干法和烘干法干燥污泥产生的生物柴油产率大。(2西安市第四污水处理厂二沉池污泥、初沉池污泥及浮渣污泥采用冷冻干燥后,在55,5%硫酸(甲醇为溶剂催化剂条件下,生物柴油的产率分别为1.93%、9.02%、22.74%(g/g干污泥;西安市第五污水处理厂的以上对应污泥在同样条件下制得的生
3、物柴油产率分别是0.85%、6.38%、18.07%(g/g干污泥。尽管第四污水处理厂的污泥制取的生物柴油产率高于第五污水处理厂的对应污泥产率,但生物柴油的主要成分相同。此外,同一污水处理厂污泥制取的生物柴油,冬季的产率高于夏季。(3污泥增脂过程中,当培养液中C:N比为70:1时,培养7天后的污泥制取的生物柴油产率为原污泥的4.6倍; 而C:N比为10:1时,培养7天后的污泥西安建筑科技大学硕士论文制取的生物柴油产率为原污泥的2.2倍。因此,培养液中C:N比为70:1的条件更适合增加污泥中可转化为生物柴油的脂质。(4污泥制取生物柴油过程中产生的正己烷可以回收再次用于提取生物柴油,产生的甲醇废液
4、可以用作反硝化碳源。关键词:城市污水处理厂;污泥;生物柴油制取Basic research on application of biodiesel production from sludge in Municipal Wastewater PlantSpecialty: Environmental EngineeringAuthor: Bai Xiao-juanAdviser: Associate Prof.Wang YiABSTRACTBing a kind of by-product of wastewater treatment plant(WWTP, the biggest prob
5、lem for the sludge is the expensive cost of treatment and disposal as well as the environmental risk. On the other hand, biodiesel, the most promising green energy resources, is expected to relieve the crisis of energy in the recent years. However raw material of biodiesel has became the bottleneck
6、of biodiesels production because of the price and quantity. As the waste sludge contained considerable organic materials and lipid, it can be used as a potential raw material for biodiesel production. Thus the cost of biodieselraw material would be lowered and the quantity of sludge would be reduced
7、.In this study, the production methods and conditions for biodiesel production ware optimized. At the same time, we compared the biodiesel produced from sludge of different WWTPs in different seasons. Later the method of enhancing lipid in the sludge and the approach to reuse the waste in biodiesel
8、production were studied. The main conclusions were as the followings:(1Situ transesterification could get a higher yield than the method of extracting and transesterification when sludge was used as raw material to produce biodiesel. For the situ transesterification, 55 and catalyst without water we
9、re better to get more biodiesel; Meanwhile the production of biodiesel produced with sludge dried by freeze drying was superior to sun drying and oven for a higher yield.(2The yield of biodiesel were 1.93%、9.02%、22.74%(g/g dry sludgewhen the sludge was from secondary settling tank, primary settling
10、tank and scum of grit chamber in No.4 WWTP in Xian and the transesterification conditions was 55 with 5% H2SO4(methanol as solvent as catalyst. Correspondingly the yield of biodiesel from the sludge of The No.5 WWTP ware respectively 0.85%、6.38%、18.07%(g/g dry sludge.Although the biodiesel yield wit
11、h the sludge from the No.4 WWTP was higher than that from the No.5WWTP, the major compositions were same. In addition, yield of biodiesel was higher in winter even the sludge was from the same WWTP.(3The waste sludge was cultured at different C: N ratios for 7days to enhance the lipid content. The r
12、esult exhibited the biodiesel yield from sludge cultured with C: N=70:1 and C: N=10:1 was 4.6 times and 2.2times of the raw sludge respectively. Thus the ratio of C: N=70:1 was suitable for elevating the lipid in the waste sludge.(4To reuse the waste in the biodiesel production, n-hexane could be re
13、covered and used again and methanol could be used as carbon source of denitrification in WWTPs.Keywords: municipal wastewater treatment plant, sludge, biodiesel production目 录1 绪论 (11.1 城市污水处理厂污泥处置问题 (11.1.1 城市污水处理厂污泥的来源 (11.1.2 城市污水处理厂污泥的特点 (11.1.3 目前城市污水处理厂污泥的处置方式 (21.2 能源问题 (51.2.1 能源问题的提出 (51.2.2
14、 目前新能源的种类 (51.3 生物柴油 (61.3.1 生物柴油的提出及特点 (71.3.2 生物柴油的国内外研究现状 (71.3.3 目前生产生物柴油所用的原料 (101.3.4 目前生产生物柴油所用原料的特点 (121.4 污水处理厂污泥作为生物柴油原材料的可行性分析 (131.4.1 成分含量可行性分析 (131.4.2 工艺可行性分析 (131.5 本研究的意义、目的及内容 (151.5.1 研究意义 (151.5.2 研究目的 (151.5.3 研究内容 (162 污水处理厂污泥制取生物柴油的方法和条件研究 (172.1 材料与方法 (172.1.1 实验装置 (172.1.2 污
15、泥来源 (172.1.3 污泥预处理 (182.1.4 生物柴油的制取步骤 (192.1.5 生物柴油的分离 (212.1.6 分析项目与方法 (222.2 实验结果与分析 (232.2.1 生物柴油的气相色谱分析 (232.2.2 制取方法的选择 (23I2.2.3 原位酯基转移条件的优化 (252.2.4 污泥来源的影响 (282.2.5 粗生物柴油密度的测定 (302.3 本章小结 (303 增加污泥中脂质的试验研究 (323.1 材料与方法 (323.1.1 实验装置 (323.1.2 实验污泥来源及预处理 (323.1.3 实验步骤 (323.1.4 分析项目与方法 (333.2 结
16、果与分析 (333.2.1 培养过程COD的变化趋势 (333.2.2 pH的变化趋势 (333.2.3 NH4+-N的变化趋势 (343.2.4 FAME产率的变化趋势 (353.3 本章小结 (364 生物柴油制取中产生的废物再利用研究 (374.1 材料与方法 (374.1.1 正己烷的回收及再利用 (374.1.2 甲醇废液的回收利用 (384.2 结果与分析 (394.2.1 回收的正己烷再次用于提取剂实验的结果与分析 (394.2.2 甲醇相废液用作反硝化碳源实验的结果与分析 (394.3 本章小结 (415 结论及建议 (425.1 结论 (425.2 建议 (43致谢 (44参考文献 (45硕士研究生学
