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1、高考英语考纲解读专题-定语从句定语从句【高考考纲解读】定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)；介词关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句；as引导的非限制性定语从句。【重点、难点剖析】一、定语从句与并列句的区别请观察下面三个句子：1Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, _ disappointed his mother.2Wang Ho
2、ng failed in the College Entrance Examination and _ disappointed his mother.3Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination; _ disappointed his mother.第一句话：句中有逗号，根据句意可知，空白处的内容应该指的是前面整个句子的内容，是对前文信息的补充说明，因此，此句是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which；第二句话：句中有并列连词and，因此整个句子是一个并列句，所以可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。第三句话：句中有分号，这表明整个句子
3、是一个并列句，因此可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。【解题技巧】判断是定语从句还是并列句，要注意句中的标点符号和句中的连接词。如果句与句之间有连词或者分号，则是并列句；如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词。二、介词关系代词引导的定语从句中介词的选择介词关系代词引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点，也是一个难点。请看下面三个句子，填上合适的介词，并从中发现一些规律。1He was educated at a local grammar school, _ which he went on to Cambridge.2This is the
4、farm _ which he worked two years ago.3In the dark street there was not a single person _ whom she could turn for help.第一句话：根据句意可知，他在一所当地的语法学校学习之后去了Cambridge，故介词用after。此句中介词的使用与句子的意义有关。第二句话：把从句补充完整为he worked two years ago on the farm (在农场为on the farm)，句中介词的选用取决于先行词的意义，即介词跟先行词的搭配。第三句话：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求
5、助的人。向某人求助这个短语是turn to sb. for help，因此此处用介词to。此句中介词的选用取决于从句中的动词固定搭配。因此，考生在确定其中的介词时，可从以下三方面入手：1句子的意思；2.先行词的意义；3.从句中的动词固定搭配。【特别提醒】注意way(方式)后接定语从句时的引导词。先行词是way，当引导词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which, that或者省略；当引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which引导(作宾语时，引导词也可以省略)。比较：The way(that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.(把从句
6、补充完整：he explained the way to us，可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语)The way(that/in which) he explained the sentence was simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the sentence in the way，可以看出引导词在从句中作状语)三、引导词as, which的区别1引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容时的区别：(1)表达正如之意时，用as，如果仅指代整个主句内容而没有正如之意，则用which。He went abroad, which was unexpected.他
7、出国了，这让大家感到很意外。She is a good doctor, as her mother used to be.她是一个很出色的医生，和她母亲当年一样。(2)当从句位于主句前面时，只用as。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.2限制性定语从句中有such, the same时，其后常用as引导定语从句(the same后也可用that，但意义不一样)。He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.他是一个我们都
8、爱戴和尊敬的好老师。This is the same pen as I lost.这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。3as引导非限制性定语从句时，只能指代整个主句内容，而which既可以指代整个主句内容，又可以指代先行词。The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)4as常与从句中的know, see, hear, expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens, as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。He was absent from sch
9、ool, as is often the case.他缺课了，这是常事。【变式探究】【2016北京】22. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which【答案】A【举一反三】(2015四川，3)The books on the desk，_covers are shiny，are prizes for us.解析考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和c
10、overs之间是所有关系，故用whose。答案whose【变式探究】A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.解析考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。答案whose【变式探究】I wish to thank Professor Smith，without _ help I would never have got this far.Awho Bwhose Cwhom Dwhich【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语
11、从句。句意：我想感谢Smith教授，没有他的帮助我不会取得这样的成绩。从句中的help是名词，与Professor Smith是所属关系，故用whose。【方法技巧】1whose引导的定语从句whose在定语从句中作定语，后面要接名词，其含义是(先行词)的。whose既可以指人也可以指物。(1)表示物时相当于the名词ofwhich或ofwhichthe名词。(2)表示人时相当于the名词ofwhom或ofwhomthe名词。2whose引导的定语从句与并列句的区别whose引导的定语从句易与含有物主代词its，their的并列句混淆。如：China has the 3rd longest r
12、iver in the world，whose name is the Yangze River.(定语从句)China has the 3rd longest river in the world，and its name is the Yangze River.(并列句)题型三、where引导的定语从句【例3】(2018江苏，23)Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhen答案B解析句意为：自动驾驶是中国和世
13、界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的一个领域。分析句子结构可知，area作定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，要用where引导。that和which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；when是关系副词，在定语从句中作时间状语。【变式探究】 (2015北京，24改编)Opposite is St.Pauls Church，_you can hear some lovely music.立意与点拨：从句中缺少地点状语。答案：where本句为定语从句，先行词是表示地点的专有名词St.Pauls Church，从句中缺少地点状语，所以填where。句意：对面是圣保罗大教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优
14、美的音乐。【举一反三】He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。定语从句中有主语和宾语，先行词在从句中作地点状语，关系副词where相当于in which。【变式探究】Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere【答案】D【
15、解析】where引导定语从句并在从句中作状语，相当于in which，即in the position。【变式探究】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，_ it will keep for two or three weeks.Awhen Bwhich Cwhere Dwhile【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无论剩下什么东西，都可以放入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。where it will keep for two or three weeks是定语从句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。【方法技巧】不是地点胜似地点模糊化的地点要用关系副词where高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的地点转为模糊化的地点。事实上，对于where这个词不能只理解为表地点。当先行词是表示某物的situation/ca
