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1、初中宾语从句讲解与练习一、考点扫描中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1、引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2、 宾语从句的语序；3、 宾语从句的时态。考查的主要形式是单项选择、语法选择、完形填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。二、基本概念宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。E.g. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.The boy was interested in whatever he saw here. 那孩子对在那里看到的任何事物都感兴趣。I am sure (that
2、) he will succeed.三、宾语从句的种类根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。四、用法详解1、引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择1）由 that 引导的宾语从句。That 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。典型例题1.He said （that） he wanted to stay at home.2.She doesnt know （that） she is seriously ill.3.I am sure （that） he will succeed. 2）由连接代词 who， whom， whose， what， which 和连接副词 wh
3、en， where， why， how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。典型例题1.Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for？2.He asked whose handwriting was the best.3.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is？4.I dont know why the train is late.3 ）由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否” 。典型例题1.I want to know if
4、 （whether） he lives there.2.He asked me whether （if） I could help him.2、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。典型例题1.I hear （that） physics isnt easy.2.I think （that） you will like this school soon.3.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo？4.Please tell me when well have the meeting.3、宾语从句的时态1、如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就
5、用什么时态。典型例题1.I dont think (that) you are right.2.Please tell us where he is.3.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2、如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时） 。典型例题1.He asked what time it was.2.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.3.He asked if you had
6、 written to Peter.4.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3、如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。典型例题1.Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.2.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.宾语从句连接词妙用一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that 引导，that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。1.She said that she
7、 would leave the message on the headmasters 典型例题desk. 她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。2.He said that he could finish his work before supper.典型例题他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。二、 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。1.Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag. 典型例题爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。2.I dont know whether hell com
8、e the day after tomorrow. 典型例题我不知道他后天是否会来。但在下列情况下只能用 whether：1.在具有选择意义,又有 or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时,往往用 whether(if or not 也可以使用)。1.Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know w典型例题hether or not he will come ) 让我知道他是否能来。2. I dont know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I
9、 don典型例题t know whether or not he does any washing. ) 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。 3.I wonder whether we stay or whether we go. 我想知道我们是去还典型例题是留。2. 在介词之后用 whether 。1.Im interested in whether he likes English. 我关心的是他是否典型例题喜欢英语。2.Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. 我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。3.在不定式前用 wh
10、ether。1.He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man. 典型例题他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。2.I dont know whether to go. 我不知去否。典型例题3.He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train. 典型例题他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。4. whether 置于句首时，不能换用 if。Whether this is true or not , I cant say. 典型例题这是否是真的我说不上来。5. 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether。1.W
11、hether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否能来典型例题还是个问题。2.The question is whether we can catch the bus. 问题是我们能否典型例题赶上公共汽车。6. 若用 if 会产生歧义时，要用 whether。Please let me know if you like the book.典型例题可理解为：Please let me know whether you like the book. 请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。If you like the book, please let me
12、 know. 你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。三、 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。1.Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afterno典型例题on? 你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗？2.I dont know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack? 典型例题我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗？宾语从句巧记歌学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑 。语
13、序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That 连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether 要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题需记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。 宾语从句的时态问题主句 一般现在时态 一般过去时态从句 保留原来时态 改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化一般现在时态 一般过去时态现在进行时态 过去进行时态(was/were doing)现在完成时态 过去完成时态（had +过去分词）一般将来时态 过去将来时态（would do; was/were going to do）单项选择1. Your T-shirt is so
14、 cool. Could you tell me _?A. where you buy it B. where do you buy itC. where you bought it D. where did you buy it2.Excuse me .Could you tell me_ I can get to the Space Museum? -Of course. You can take bus No.1.A. where B. how C. if D. why3.Do you know _the new mobile phone last week?-Maybe 900 yua
15、n. Im not quite sure.A. how much she paid for B. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And thats _ he succeeds .A. what B. when C. why D. where5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. Its about _.A. how did Alice end the
16、 Red Queens reign of terror（恐怖统治）B. what did Alice end the Red Queens reign of terrorC. how Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terrorD. what Alice ended the Red Queens reign of terror6. Do you know _the girl in red is?Im not sure. Maybe a teacher.A. when B. how C. where D. what7.What did your parents thank about your decision?-They always let me do _I think I should.A.
