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1、ThedifferencebetweenLangueandParole 黄舰影 FerdinanddeSaussureThedifferencebetweenLangueandParoleTherelationshipbetweenLangueandParole FerdinanddeSaussure FerdinanddeSaussure 1857 1913 wasaSwisslinguist Hewasthepivotalfigure 中心人物 inthetransitionfromthe19thto20thcentury andisgenerallyconsideredthefounde
2、rofmodernlinguisticsHewasborninGeneva 日内瓦 in1857 Switzerland Byage15 hehadlearnedGreek French German EnglishandLatin Itwasnotuntil1906thatSaussurebeganteachingCourseinGeneralLinguisticsthatwouldconsumethegreaterpartofhisattentionuntilhisdeathin1913 ThedifferencebetweenLangueandParole Saussuredisting
3、uishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordateoflinguistics utterances asLangueandParole whileparoleconstitutestheimmediatelyaccessibledate thelinguist sproperobjectisthelangueofeachcommunity thelexicon andphonologyimplantedineachindividualbyhisupbringinginsocietyandonthebasiso
4、fwhichhespeaksandunderstandshislanguage 索绪尔将说话者的语言能力和语言的实际现象或语料区分为语言和言语 虽然言语是及时可得的材料 但语言学家研究的正确的对象是每个社团的语言 在这个社团中 个人在成长过程中被教授各种词汇 语法和语音 在这个基础上他们说话 理解他们的语言 Langue alsoknownaslanguage istheexchangeofinformationbetweenhumanbeings whichincludesexpressionfromthespeakerandcomprehensionfromthelistener Lang
5、ueismoreofanabstractliteraryterm Itexitsinthebrain insteadofinthemouth Itisagenerallyacceptedrulethatmakespeopleinacertainareaexpressandcomprehendamessageinacertainway Paroleisthewordsthatpeopleusetocommunicate Jacksaid Iloveyou toRoseinthestreet Thesentenceitselfistheparole AndhowRoseunderstandthis
6、sentenceisallaboutthelangue InChinese woaini meansIhaveastrongfeelingforyou andhopethatIcouldbetheonlyoneyoucare Sothestorymaygolikethis Holdingadiamondring Jacksaid Iloveyou toRoseandproposedformarriage WhileinAmerica Iloveyou notonlycanbeusedbetweenloversbutalsocanbeusedbetweenfriends Sothestoryma
7、yhaveatotallydifferentedition ItwasChristmasday Rosesentagifttoeveryfriend Jackreceivedabasketball Hewassoexcitedthathesaid Whatagift Iloveyou Rose Insuchacircumstance Iloveyou isnotthemagicword andnothinghappenedafterwards Aswecansee thesamewordshavedifferentunderstandinginChineseRoseandAmericanRos
8、e Itisthelanguethatmakesthedifference Tobemorespecific itishowpeopleintheareausethisphrasethatprovidestheunderstanding First langueisabstractandparoleisconcrete Parolehassoundandwrittenform whichcanbesawandheard Second langueisagenerallyacceptedwayofcommunication Itissocialandnational whichcannotbee
9、asilychangedbyindividual Apeoplesharethesamelangue Ontheotherhand paroleissimplyapersonalchoice Amancanspeakinhisownstyle Third langueisrelativelyfixedandparoleistemporary Onlywhenanewwordgainspublicrecognition canitbeacceptedaspartofthelangue thedifferencebetweenlangueandparole Therelationshipbetwe
10、enLangueandParole langueandparolearecloselyrelated languemakesparolecomprehensible andparoleisanecessarypartoflangue Withoutlangue parolecanonlybecomemeaninglesssoundpattern Withoutparole Languecanonlyexpressverylimitedideas Inthestudyoflinguistic langueisthegoalandparoleisthetool Fromthecollectiona
11、ndanalysisofparole wecouldhaveaninsightofthelangue Thankyou CourseinGeneralLinguistics 普通语言学教程 Itwasposthumouslypublishedin1916 ItisconsideredSaussure smostinfluentialwork Hisideasinthisbookleaveamonumentalimpact Alinguisticsystemisaseriesofdifferencesofsoundcombinedwithaseriesofdifferencesofideas FerdinanddeSaussure
