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1、学习资料 精品文档 非谓语动词 重要考点 一 不定式 ing 形式 ed 形式 二 省略to 的不定式 三 带 to 与不带 to 意思不同的情况 四 只用 ing 做宾语的动词 五 只用to 的不定式做宾语的动词 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词 具体含义为在句中起名词 形容词或副词 作用的动词形式 而不是作谓语的动词形式 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别 1 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语 而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语 Miss Mary teaches us English 玛丽教我们英语 teaches 动词作谓语 Mr Li came to our classroom t
2、o have a talk with us last week to have a talk 不定式作状语 2 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制 而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制 Mike likes the pop music 动词用单数第三人称形式 Lucy has nothing to do today do 用原形 非谓语动词分为三种形式 不定式 动名词和分词 分词包括现在分词和过去分词 1 不定式 时态 语态主动被动 一般式to doto be done 完成式to have doneto have been done 2 动名词 时态 语态主动被动 一般式doingbeing done
3、完成式having donehaving been done 3 分词 时态 语态主动被动 一般式doingbeing done 完成式having donehaving been done 否定形式 not 不定式 not 动名词 not 现在分词 动词不定式 一 结构及特征 学习资料 精品文档 1 动词不定式的基本形式是 to 动词原形 有时可以不带to 2 特点 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化 在句子中不能作谓语 但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分 主 语 表语 宾语 状语和宾语补足语 所以我们又称之为非谓语形式 动词不定式仍保留动词的特点 即它可以有自己的宾语和状语 二 动词不定式的用法 动词
4、不定式具有名词 形容词和副词的特征 在句子中可以作主语 表语 宾语 定语和状语 1 作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard To learn English well is not easy 动词不定式短语作主语时 往往用it 作形式主语 真正的不定式主语置于句后 如上面两句可改为 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes It is not easy to learn English well 这种句型可归纳为下面的句型 It be 名词 to do It is adj 动
5、词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者 可以用for sb It is adj for sb to do sth 用for sb 说明不定式表示的动作执行者 2 作表语 My wish is to become a teacher My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter Your duty is to water flowers everyday He seems to have few friends here 3 作宾语 常与不定式连用作宾语的动词有 want like begin star cho
6、ose forget remember need would like decide ask hope wish offer fail plan learn pretend refuse manage help agree promise prefer 等 如 Most of us like to watch football matches Please remember to post this letter I plan to buy a new computer 动词不定式作宾语时 如果他后面有宾语补足语 常用it 作形式宾语 而真正的宾语即不定式放在宾 补后面 句型结构为 主语 谓语
7、 it 宾语补足语 动词不定式 I found it easy to make a paper plane I found it difficult to solve the problem He feels it his duty to help the poor We find it necessary to help the blind 在英语中有些动词如 know wonder decide learn等词后可接 疑问词 不定式 作宾语 Please show us how to do it The question is how to solve it I can t decide
8、where to go 学习资料 精品文档 The boy didn t know how to use the computer 4 作宾语补足语 后接带to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词 短语 有 ask tell beg like love would like hate order teach want allow warn encourage wish cause advise force permit persuade Prepare invite urge等 The teachers often encourage us to study hard Father allows us
9、 to watch TV at night My teacher told us not to play on the road 后接省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 感官动词hear feel see watch notice listen to look at 使役动词let make have 另外 help 后的动词不定式可带to 也可省 to 省略 to 的不定式 在改写成被动语态时 动词后一定要把to 加上 I saw him dance I heard Lucy sing in the classroom I often help my mother to do house
10、work The boss made the workers work all day 改被动 The workers were made to work all day He told me to be here on time 5 作定语 不定式作定语往往放在被修饰词的后面 作后置定语 I have nothing to say about that thing The next bus to arrive is at 7 45 Reading aloud is the best way to learn English 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系 如果是不及物动词需要加介词 如 Is th
11、ere a room to live in Would you please give me some paper to write on Could you pass me a pen to write with 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系 同时与句中其他词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时 尽管由被动意义 却 仍然用主动 Do you have anything to say on this problem Would you mind giving me something to drink 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系而不存在主谓关系 则需用被动语态 Do you have anything to
12、be taken to your mum 6 作状语 目的 结果 原因等 He stopped to have a look 目的 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus 目的 He woke up to find everybody gone 结果 I m glad to see you 原因 注意 不定式放句首时 逻辑主语和句子的要主语一致 如 To learn English well a dictionary is needed 错 To learn English well he needs a dictionary 正确 学习资料 精品文档
13、 三 不定式作副词的用法 作状语 不定式可以在句子中作目的 原因和结果状语 I am sorry to have bothered you 我非常抱歉打搅了你 原因状语 They will come to the city to look for a job 他们将要到大城市来找工作 目的状语 If you are so stupid as to do so you must expect trouble 你如果愚蠢得这样做事 你就等着自找麻烦吧 结果状语 too to 结构中的不定式含有否定的意思 因此 too to 表示 太 而 不能 The boy is too young to joi
14、n the army 这孩子太小 还不能参军 He is too busy to see me 他太忙 不能来看我 so as 不定式 结构 不定式作目的状语 意思是 以便 so 形容词 副词 as 不定式 结构 不定式作结果状语 He went there quickly so as to meet her 他赶快到那里去以便可以碰见她 目的 He was so kind as to offer his seat to me 承他好意 把座位让给了我 结果 The man was so angry as to smash the things in the room 这个人气极了 便开始摔屋
15、里的东西 结果 四 不定式的否定形式 not to do no do 典型例题 Tell him the window A to shut notB not to shutC to not shut D not shut 解析 B tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth She warned her daughter computer games too much A never to play B to never play C never playing D never play 解析 A warn sb to do sth 的否定形式为
16、warn sb not never to do sth 五 动词不定式与疑问词连用 疑问词who what which和疑问副词when where how why等后面可 以接动词不定式 构成动词不定式短语 可以在句子中作主语 宾语 表语等成分 例如 1 He doesn t know how to use the machine 不定式作宾语 2 How to use the machine is a question 不定式作主语 3 The question is when to go there 不定式作表语 六 省 to 的动词不定式 1 感官动词see watch observe notice look at hear listen to smell taste feel do 表示动作的完 整性 真实性 doing表示动作的连续性 进行性 初中接触的动词可以这样记忆 一感 feel 二听 hear listen to 三使 让 let make have 四看看 see look at watch notice 学习资料 精品文档 半帮助 help 别忘了省略的to 变
