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1、 ExchangeServer白手起家系列系统SLA和监控流程 喻勇 PMP MCSE 传世为您整理 系列课程内容 万事开头难进行企业IT架构评估做一个Exchange管理员必须掌握的技术 软件篇做一个Exchange管理员必须掌握的技术 硬件篇邮件系统设计和选型的原则如何执行压力测试 软件安装和服务器管理的规范化用户和系统迁移过程中的注意事项大规模的用户帐号管理 组管理中采用的常见策略客户端部署和管理邮件系统日常维护的要点系统SLA和监控流程邮件安全 反病毒和反垃圾邮件存储备份策略你的系统可靠性有几个9 Down机了怎么办 常见问题汇总和答疑 今日议程 SLA是反映一项IT服务的综合指标 不
2、仅仅代表系统的在线时间 更反映了用户对系统的认可程度 本次课程主要讨论构成SLA的组成部分 以及如何通过有效的工作来提升SLA和用户的满意程度 SLA的概念和深入解析关键业务系统监控的流程Exchange主要的性能指标性能优化建议 SLA的概念和深入解析 SLA ServiceLevelAgreement是在确定的成本下与客户达成的服务和系统使用情况的协议 最简单的指标 系统服务在线时间更进一步的衡量 资源 软硬件的使用效率和投资回报性能 用户的使用体验满意程度服务 各类问题和帮助请求的解决速度 服务级别协议 SLA 的结构 ServiceBased OneServiceLevelAgreem
3、entforaspecificserviceforallcustomersofthatserviceCustomerBased OneServiceLevelAgreementforaspecificcustomerforallservicesMulti LevelCorporateLevel coveringallgenericServiceLevelManagement SLM issuesthatwouldbeappropriateforallcustomersCustomerLevel coveringallServiceLevelManagement SLM issuesreleva
4、nttoaspecificcustomergroupforallservicesusedServiceLevel coveringallServiceLevelManagement SLM issuesrelevanttoaspecificserviceforaspecificcustomergroup 如何制定SLA 在项目实施阶段的前期了解用户对SLA的需求在实施过程中根据实际的软硬件投入情况进行动态的更新 并及时与客户 用户 进行沟通如果项目涉及到第三方供应商 应在制定SLA之前取得第三方的认可和确认 如何贯彻SLA 服务器端服务器配置和部署的规范统一运营过程中遵循严格的流程变更管理最终
5、用户培训Helpdesk丰富客户端的功能 增强用户体验整体协调IT支持部门内部的横向沟通和协调管理与第三方供应商的关系及时保持与客户 IT主管部门 CIO等 的沟通 如何衡量SLA 服务器在线时间客户满意度 服务器在线时间 客户满意度 客观的设定用户的期望值建立良好的Helpdesk流程如果是跨国企业 Helpdesk流程的一致性非常重要 性能 可扩展性 可用性 关键业务系统监控的流程 每日检查的内容备份情况邮件队列系统性能磁盘空间硬件情况昨天或昨晚的重要变更每日检查报表的分发建议使用SharePoint网站保存每日检查的报表 学会使用性能计数器来给Exchange把脉 demo 性能优化建议
6、 SmalldesignchangescanreapbigbenefitsDonotbeoverlyaggressivewhentuning especiallywhenitinvolvesregistrychangesAlwaysusetheMicrosoftExchangeServerBestPracticesAnalyzerToolforvalidation StoragePerformance ThebiggestcauseofExchangeperformanceissuesUsuallytoofewspindlestomeetthedemandExchangeisI Ohungry
7、Backoftheenvelope 1spindleforevery100usersActionstotakeWorkoutyourI OprofileTellyourstoragevendorhowmanyIOPSyouwillproduceSetcachingcontrollersto100 write 4kilobyte KB cachepagesizeThinkend to endstorage forexample HostBusAdaptors UseDiskPartoaligntracks performanceboost UseJetStresstovalidateyourst
8、oragearchitectureReadthepaper OptimizingStorageinExchange2003 WarningSigns Averagedisklatencyisgreaterthan20millisecondsLongdisklatencyspikesaregreaterthan50milliseconds FastAccesstoActiveDirectory IfExchangeisslowaccessingtheActiveDirectorydirectoryservice storeperformancesuffersandmaildeliveryissl
9、owDoublecheckthattheDirectoryServiceAccess DSAccess listonlycontainslocaldomaincontrollerorglobalcatalogserversRememberthatroundrobinisusedRound triptimesshouldbelessthan10msRuleofthumbYoushouldhaveoneglobalcatalogprocessorforeveryfourExchangeprocessorsVerifythatthe 3GBswitchisbeingusedonglobalcatal
10、ogsIncreasesJETcachefrom512megabytes MB to1gigabyte GB MoreoftheActiveDirectoryiscachedinmemory CorrectUseof 3GBSwitch MailboxandpublicfolderserversImplementwhenthereis 1GBRAMWindowsServer2003implement USERVA 3030GlobalcatalogserversImplementwhenthereis 1GBRAMFront endandroutingserversDonotimplement
11、regardlessofmemoryInstead tunememoryforsystemcache 3GBand USERVASwitches UserMode KernelMode HeapDeCommitFreeBlockThreshold Shouldbesetto0 x40000onallExchangeserversReducesvirtualmemoryfragmentationbycoalescingsmallfreememoryregionsintolargerblocksEspeciallyimportantforlargeExchangemailboxservers 95
12、82begone EnableHyper Threading SettinginBIOSSometimesdefaultstoOFFCanimproveExchangeprocessorefficiencyby25 WorkswithWindowsServer2003andWindows2000Server DeployExchangeServer2003SP2 30 reductioninI OpatternDrasticreductioninlogfilereplaytimesFrom30secondstolessthan2secondsSupportfor8 wayhyper threa
13、dingserversSetsMaxDSNSizeto10MBbydefaultSide Detectionofsingle bitfliperrors HardwareDeviceDrivers NonPagedPoolandpagetableentry PTE efficiencyDisableunusedhardwaredevicesEspeciallyconsidernetworkadaptersandstoragecardsUseidenticalhardwareinsidetheserverOnedriverformultipledevicesBeespeciallycareful
14、withgraphicsadaptersCanresultinseriousPTEreductionKeepdriversup to dateSwitchtoVGA SYSdriverNeedmorePTEs ForExchangeServer2003 reduce USERVAto2970ForExchange2000Server useSystemPagesregistryparameter stealfromthePagedPool RedFlags FreePTEcountlessthan5000 TEMPConversions ForPostOfficeProtocol POP In
15、ternetMessageAccessProtocol IMAP anddedicatedpublicfolderservers redirectTEMPpathtoadedicatedfastdiskStand alone SystemTEMPpathCluster ClusteraccountTEMPpathMessagesgreaterthan4KBinsizeareconvertedthroughtheuseofatemporaryfileondisk TuneAntivirusScanners Getlatestadvicefromyourantivirusvendoronoptim
16、umconfigurationforyourserverNumberofScanningThreadsMemory diskfilesizethresholdRemembertokeepyourantivirusbinariesup to dateAvoidsproblemssuchasVirtualmemoryfragmentationNon pagedpoolerrorsServicefailures OnlineMaintenanceSchedule Skewonlinemaintenanceforlargemailboxserverssothereisatleasta15minutegapbetweenstarttimesSkewonlinemaintenanceandonlinebackupschedulesothatthereiszerooverlapBackupwillkillmaintenancethreadsiftheycollideAlwaysmakesurethatonlinemaintenancegetsachancetorunNeverdisableonlin
