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1、专题五 形容词和副词+比较等级重难点分析形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点，命题形式一般是用所给词语的适当形式填空；若是需要填more, most或fewer, less, least时，可能也会不给出原级。系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的热点之一。一、形容词和副词在句中的作用1.形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。如：English is a useful language.英语是一门有用的语言。(作定语)English is useful.英语很有用。(作表语)I find English
2、 useful.我觉得英语很有用。(作补语)2.副词在句中作做状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语，或者整个句子。如：He walked quickly in order to get there on time.他为了按时到达那里，走得很快。(修饰动词walked)He walked very quickly.他走得很快。Obviously, I believe we can win it. 显然，我相信我能够赢得胜利。二、形容词和副词的比较等级1. 形容词副词的规则变化。(1) 一般在词尾直接加er或est。如：longlongerlongest。(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的，在词
3、尾直接加r或st。如：nicenicernicest。(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变为i，再加er或est。如：heavyheavierheaviest。(4) 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读音节，双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加er或est。如：bigbiggerbiggest。(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。如：slowlymore slowlymost slowly；beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful。2. 形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。(1) 表示相等：as + 原级+as(2
4、) 表示不如：not as/ so +原级+as(3) 表示超出：比较级+than(4) 表示“最”：the+最高级+ of/in短语（表示比较的范围）注意：除了 “the+最高级”外，最高级还有其他的表达方式。如：否定词never等与比较级连用；比较级+than any other+名词单数；比较级+than any of the other+名词复数；比较级+than anyone else等。如：How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多好听呀！我从没听过比这更好的声音。(5) 表示“越越”：the+
5、比较级，the+比较级(6) 表示“越来越”：比较级+and+比较级(7) 表示“与其不如”：morethan(8) the+比较级 特指两个人或者连个食物中较为突出的一个。If the manager had to choose one of the two, he would say Tim was the better choice.如果说经理一定得从这两个人中选择一个，他会说Tim是更好的选择。(9) 倍数的表达法： A + be +倍数 as +计量形容词原级+as BThis house is three times as wide as that one. 这个房子是那个房子的三
6、倍宽。 A +be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than BThe car is exactly five times more expensive than that one.这辆车比那本恰好贵5倍。 A +be+倍数+the+计量名词+of BThe new library is four times the size of the previous one.新的图书馆是以前的四倍大。The+计量名词+of A +be+倍数+that of BThe size of the new square is four times that of the previous one.新广场为以前的四倍大
7、。三、形容词、副词原级及比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as+原级+asThe train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. 这列车和3:55的列车开得一样快。as+原级+a/an+名词单数+asHe is as honest a man as you. 他和你一样是个诚实的人。as many+可数名词复数+ as；as much+不可数名词+ asI have as many books as you. 我和你一样有许多书。倍数+as+原级+as+名词My room is twice as big as my brothers. 我的房间是我兄弟的
8、两倍大。不及not as+原级+asShe is not as beautiful as her sister. 她不如她妹妹漂亮。超越比较级+thanHealth is more important than wealth. 健康比金钱重要。the+比较级+of the two 两者中较的一个He is the taller of the two. 他是两者中较高的一个。否定no+比较级+than 和一样不He is no richer than I. 他和我一样不富有。not+比较级 再不过(可译为“非常、十分”)His work couldnt be worse. 他的工作糟得不能再糟了
9、。程度递增-er and -er, more and more + 多音节词 越来越higher and higher 越来越高more and more important 越来越重要两种情况同时变化the +比较级, the +比较级 越，越The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave. 你越快准备好，我们就能越早离开。三者或三者以上比较the + 最高级+of/in+比较范围 之中最They have got some of the most beautiful things in the world. 他们这儿拥
10、有一些世界上最美的东西。注意：no more (.) than与not more (.) than 的用法在英语里面有很多短语都有其约定俗成的用法和意思，不能按其字面意思去理解，象这样的短语有很多，这里先把大家觉得比较头疼的no more (.) than与not more (.) than的用法解释清楚，希望对大家有所帮助：1. 不用于比较，后接数词时，no more than意为“仅仅、只不过、只有”(=only)，而not more than意为“至多、不超过”(=at the most)。如：There are no more than fifteen eggs in the bask
11、et. 篮子里只有15个鸡蛋。(暗指15个鸡蛋太少)There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 篮子里至多有15个鸡蛋。(暗指可能少于15个)2. 用于两者的比较时，“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”是对两者的否定，相当于neither.nor.。如：This story is no more interesting than that one. (=Neither this story nor that one is interesting.) 这个故事和那个故事一样没趣。“not+形容词或副词比较级+than”是普通的比较级结
12、构，表示前者不如后者，相当于not as/so.as.。如：This story is not more interesting than that one. (=This story is not as/so interesting as that one.) 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。四、比较结构的修饰语1用于原级之前almost, nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three times等The river is three times as long as that one. 这条河是那条河是三倍长。2用于比较级前many, a few (用于“mor
13、e+可数名词复数”前)It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 坐火车去那里比坐飞机要花多好多个小时。a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice等My desk-mate is even fatter than me. 我同桌甚至比我还胖。3用于最高级前the very, much the, by far, nearly, by no means, almost, not really, the first/se
14、cond等This cake is by far the largest in the world. 这个蛋糕是迄今为止世界上最大的。五、两种形式的副词：一个与形容词同形，一个以-ly结尾1hardhardlyhard 刻苦地；努力地；猛烈地；费力地He studies very hard. 他学习非常努力。hardly 几乎不；简直不We hardly had time to eat breakfast. 我们几乎没时间吃早饭。2highhighlyhigh 高高地；地位高；声音高The plane flies high. 飞机飞得很高。highly 高度地；非常(常和praise, spe
15、ak等动词连用)They spoke very highly of him. 他们称赞他。3deepdeeplydeep修饰具体动作时，往往两个词可互换，但多用deepThey had to dig very deep/deeply in order to find water. 他们必须挖得很深，才能发现水。表示静止状态时只用deep(此时多于介词、副词连用)The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议持续到了深夜。deeply修饰形容词或过去分词只能用deeplyI am deeply grateful to you. 我非常感谢你。deeply可与hate, dislike, regret, admire, love, value等动词连用，但不能与动词like连用I deeply regret his death. 我对他的去世深感遗憾。4lat
