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1、 Book3 unit1-2 Grammar 情态动词的用法和练习一、can, could与be able to的用法The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they can.警察还没有找到丢失的孩子, 但是他们正在竭尽全力地寻找。(现在的能力)If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.(将来的能力)如果你好好睡一觉,你将能够解出这道题。The fire spread through the hotel ve
2、ry quickly but everyone was able to get out.(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事) 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆,但是每个人都逃了出去。I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.(本来有能力做但未做) 我本来可以解决这个问题,但我太紧张了。How could you do such a silly thing? (表示惊讶)你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?Can I have a word with you? It wont take long. (表示请求)我可以和你谈谈吗?不会花
3、很多时间的。规律总结:1表示现在的能力:can, am/is/are able to 2表示将来的能力:will be able to。3表示过去的能力:could表示过去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。 4can/could表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。5can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事,意为“能,可以”。二、may与might的用法May I play basketball this afternoon? No, you cant.今天下午我可以打篮球吗? 不,不行。What are you doing this
4、Saturday?Im not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.(2015铜陵一模)本周六你打算干什么? 还说不定,但我可能会去滚石音乐会。规律总结If you think the price of beef is too high, you might as well buy some pork.It depends on you. 如果你认为牛肉太贵的话,你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。 1表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时要用mustnt,表示“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”之意。 2may/mig
5、ht还可以表示推测,意为“可能”。3“may/might as well动词原形” 意为 “最好,倒不如”。三、must的用法That car is my property; you mustnt use it without my permission.那辆车是我的财产,你必须得到我的允许才能使用。Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things.发展一定会促成一种更好的生活,更好的做事情的方法。规律总结If you must go, at least wait until the storm is ov
6、er.如果你非要走的话,至少等到暴风雨结束。1must用于否定句,表示“禁止”,表示说话者的命令或指令,语气比较强烈。2must表示必要性,意为“必须”3must表示偏执、固执,意为“非得,偏要”。四、need与dare的用法As far as Im concerned, you neednt worry about us now.就我个人而言,你现在没有必要担心我们。Adults need to live their own lives and thats difficult with children.(2015长沙一模)大人需要过他们自己的生活,但有了孩子就很难做到了。How dare
7、you say Im unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平?He darent/doesnt dare (to) speak English before such a crowd.规律总结在这么多人面前他不敢说英语。1need作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。2dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。点津dare和need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式;在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。五、will与would的用法Would you mind opening the wi
8、ndow for me? 请你给我打开窗户好吗?Due to its great importance, every student in China would do his best to get ready for it, and I am no exception 由于它的重要性,在中国每一个学生都会做最好的准备,我也不例外。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨,他总是沿着小河散步。Mum would tell us stories before we went to bed.规律总结过去在我们上床睡觉前,妈妈总
9、给我们讲故事。1表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。 2will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。 3will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。4would可以表示过去的习惯性动作,比used to正式,但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。六、shall, should与ought to的用法What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir?I havent decided on the time.But I will call you.先生,我明天什么时候到你家接你呢?我还没有决定时间,但是我会给你打电
10、话的。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那种事,我就不支持你。What do you mean, there are only ten tickets?There should be twelve.你说的是什么意思?只有10张票吗?本来应该有12张票的。With all his money, he should worry about a little thing like 5 cents!有那么多钱,他竟然为像5分钱一样的小事而烦恼!You ought not to be late for such an impo
11、rtant meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。规律总结According to the newlymade traffic regulation, whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 dollars. 根据新的交通法规, 不论谁驾车闯红灯, 罚款至少200美元。1shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。2shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3should表示义务、职责等,意为“应该”。4Why/Howshould结
12、构表示说话人对某事不能理解,有感到意外、惊异等意思,意为“竟会”。 5ought to表示应该。 6shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的“应该”。七、情态动词表推测的用法Youd better put on a heavy coat.Sometimes it can be very cold here at night.你最好穿上一件厚的大衣。在这里晚上有时很冷。Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能开会迟到呢?It coul
13、dnt be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words不可能是词汇导致了你习题中的问题,因为你知道很多单词。You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain. 你不需要带伞,不会下雨的。Well, I dont know. It might do. 哦,我不知道,或许会下雨。Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personne
14、l Department.Ah, good morning.You must be Mrs.Peters.早上好, 我和人事部的史密斯小姐有约。啊哈, 早上好。那您一定就是皮特斯女士了。规律总结There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. 因为你在驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没什么困难。1can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为“有时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定
15、句中也可以表示推测,cant意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。 2may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测,意为“有可能”;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。3must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4should用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。八、“情态动词have done”的用法 I couldnt have enjoyed myself more it was a perfect day。我过得非常开心(我不可能过得更愉快了)这真是完美的一天。Sorry, Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起,我迟到了