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1、Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes(一)教学目标 (Language Goal)1. 能够谈论允许和不允许做的事情2. 能够谈论应该被允许和不被允许做的事情3. 能够针对被允许和不被允许做的事情发表自己的观点(同意或者不同意)4. 能够表达同意或者不同意的理由(二)目标语言 (Target Language)1. I think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我认为应该允许 16 岁的孩子开车。2. I disagree . I think s
2、ixteen is too young. 我不同意，我认为 16 岁这个年纪太年轻了。3. Do you think thirteen-year-olds should be allowed to have part-time jobs? 你认为应该允许 13 岁的孩子们做兼职工作吗？4. No, I dont. 不，我认为不应该。5. Anna is allowed to wear her own clothes. 安娜可以选择自己的衣服。6. They are not serious enough at that age. 那个年龄的他们不够稳重。7. What rules do you
3、have at home ? 你家有什么规定吗？Well, Im not allowed to go out on school nights. 噢，我在周一至周五不能外出。(三)词汇和短语 (Vocabulary and expressions)allow 允许drive 架车pierce 刺穿license 执照driver 司机silly 愚蠢的、傻的earring 耳环concentrate 集中volunteer 自愿、志愿Local 地方的primary 初级的seem to 好像perform 表演part-time jobs 兼职工作drivers license 驾驶执照ge
4、t their ears pierced 穿耳孔at that age 在那个年龄get noisy 变得嘈杂at present 目前be sleepy 睏 so do we 我们也一样 get to class late . 上课迟到fail a test 考试不及格be strict with 对要求严格the other day 前几天get to doing sth 着手做某事look smart 看起来整洁 concentrate on 关注old peoples home 敬老院be a good way to do 是的好方法choose ones own clothes 选自
5、己的衣服sixteen-year-olds 十六岁的孩子Its a good idea for sb to do 是的好主意go out with their friends 和朋友一块出去have an opportunity to do sth . 有做的机会be a good experience for sb. 对来说是很有意义的经历take time to do things 花费时间做事情after a long week of classes 上完一周课之后have Friday afternoons off 周五放假(四)语法内容：被动语态1. 被动语态的定义:“语态”表示主语
6、和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法，即主动语态和被动语态，本单元中反复出现的 should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词 (should)的被动语态。先看几个基本概念:主语是动作的发出者为主动语态主语是动作的接受者为被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态。2. 被动语态的构成(1)看图The office is cleaned every day . The office was cleaned yesterday. Compare active and passive：动作的接受者 the office 成了句子的主语，就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结：一般现在时
7、的被动语态为：主am / is / are (not) 过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为：主was / were 过去分词如：Butter is made from milk. This house was built 100 years ago. 以前我们学过的 was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态:When were you born ? I was born in 1989.(born 是 bear 的过去分词)如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接 by ，译为“被(由)”如：We were woken up by a loud noise. 我们被嘈杂的声音吵
8、醒。(2)看图从上面例子，我们可以看出：现在进行时被动语态的构成为：主语is / am / are + being 过去分词再如：My car is being repaired now. Some new houses are being built near the park. 公园附近在建一些房子。(3)请看图 BEFORE NOW从上面例子，我们可以看出现在完成时被动语态的构成为： 主语have / has been 过去分词如：My key has been stolen. My keys have been stolen. I am not going to the party,
9、I havent been invited. 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be过去分词A note had better be left to him. Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes这里我们列举了几个主要时态，那么其它时态呢？一般将来时 主语will be 过去分词过去将来时 主语would / should + be 过去分词过去进行时 主语was / were + being 过去分词过去完成时 主语had + been +过去分词被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的，be 是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，
10、be 动词后面的过去分词不变。各种句式的被动语态：肯定句：主语be + 过去分词(by)否定句：主语be not 过去分词(by)一般疑问句：Be 主语过去分词(by)? 特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语过去分词(by)3. 被动语态的用法：(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用 by动作执行者短语Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。I havent been told about it. 没有人告诉我这件事(2)强调动作的承受者，这时应用 by 短语。The cup was broken by David. (3)作客观说明时，常
11、采用一种被动语态句型Its / was said / believed / reported / + that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。4. 主动语态变为被动语态把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2)动词改为被动形式，即 be+过去分词(3)原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在 by 后面，如果没必要，可省略。主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项：从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语、谓语动词、宾语都发生变化。注
12、意主格与宾格的变化形式。注意主语的人称及数的变化对 be 动词带来的影响。注意 be 动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时态形式。5. 被动语态的几种类型(1)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态(直接宾语，间接宾语)通常这种句子可以改为以“人” 当主语；和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。如：He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. (以 I 做主语)A book was given to me by Tom. (以物 book 作主语)He teaches us English. We are taught English by him. (以人当主
13、语)English is taught us by him. (以物作主语)(2)含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。We keep food fresh in the fridge. (主 谓 宾 宾补)Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. 常见的接双宾语的动词有 He was seen to go into the office building. 英语中有“十大动词”的说法:即 feel , hear ,
14、 listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加 to，但变被动句时必须加 to. (3)含有短语的主动语态变被动语态不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词They take good care of my child. 他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。 My child is taken good care of I turn
15、ed off the radio. The radio was turned off(by me.)附：动词短语的被动语态:take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加bybe covered with 用覆盖着be interested in 对感兴趣be surprised at 对感到惊奇be made of (from)用制造的(4)由情态动词形成的被动语态含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面加上 be 动词即可，其句型如下：肯定句：主语情态动词(can , may , must)+be+ 过去分词否定句：主语情态动词not + be + 过去分词疑问句：情态动词(Can , May , Must )主语be过去分词. 如：We should allow teenagers to surf the Internet. Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet. Can
