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1、2019高考英语3-2-1专项17完形填空-议论文、说明文类（教师版）【考点定位】 2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布说明文完形填空说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识,进行分析推理判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来说明情况、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过介绍情况、说明事物的特征，给人以正确思想或科学知识。说明文完形填空一般的结构模式是：提出问题发现直接原因分析深层原因得出结论或找到出路。考查学生对语言材料的理解能力、分析判断能力和逻辑思维能力。说明文的写作目的是授
2、人以知，让人明白，说明文只是说明事物的特征，阐明原理，介绍知识。考生容易摸清文章线索，抓住主题。议论型完形填空有以下特点： 1、首句制胜，论点明确 议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。 2、结构清晰，脉络有序 议论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally speaking, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusi
3、on, as a consequence等。二、议论型完形填空的应试技巧 1、叙议有机结合 对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空要把叙和议有机地结合起来。有的考生没有注意到这一点，他们只顾选某一部分的答案，而没有注意到事件与论点之间的关系。 2 、遵循狠抓首句原则 对于议论型完形填空，在掌握全文主旨的情况下抓住每段的首句是做好试题的关键。一项调查说明，英语中60%到90%的议论文的主旨句都是段落的首句。抓住了每段的首句，再理解文章就容易多了。 3、 理清文章的论点、论据和结论 议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比，稍微难了一些。一般来说，记叙文是按时间的先后顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件发生和发展的过程，
4、就能将文章脉络把握好。然而议论型完形填空就不那么简单了，如果我们不清楚文章的论点、论据和结论，就只能莽撞地答题了，其结果可想而知。所以理清文章的论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析英语完形填空在考查语法、表达法、词语搭配的基础上重点考查对语篇同容的整体理解、前后的逻辑关系的把握。经反复研究完形填空原题后，我们发现主要有以下考点：考点1. 考查语法规则考查考生语法知识的运用能力。近年来完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题一般不考，只是偶尔有个别考题。例如： “Can I? I dont think I can,” Tracy said with a laugh. “
5、But l do have _ when things come to me for no reason.”A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments【解析】由后面的when引导的定语从句可知，前面的先行词应是表时间的词，所以先moments。考点2. 考查固定搭配考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；介词与名词的搭配等。这类搭配在完形填空中时有出现。如：I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom
6、 or talk with them _ the telephone.A. with B. by C. from D. on【解析】表示“通过电话”交谈，说 on the telephone 或 by telephone，这是习惯搭配。考点4. 考查行文逻辑考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语。如： Once he _ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.A. also B. nearly C. eve
7、n D. only【解析】从上下文看为了使教学有趣易懂，这位哲学教授不仅仅会借助oil paintings, music, and guest lectures等方式，“甚至”(even)在课堂上唱歌也就顺理成章了。递进关系。考点5. 考查经验常识考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的科学常识。如：But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble _.A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing【解析】跑得太多，其结果当然是上气不接下气，即呼吸困难了，我们一般都会有
8、这样的生活经历。 考点7. 考查逻辑推理考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。如：He was reading my words out loud to the classthe whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show _, but what I was feeling was pure happinessA. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure【解析】一个学生的作品被老师选中且在班上宣读时该会是怎样的心情
9、?我们不难判断：愉快！ 考点8. 考查前后语境考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。如：“As a matter of fact, Ive got someone in the office at this very moment who might _.” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately.
10、In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.”A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer【解析】根据下文，这个妇女告诉他第二天可以去上班了，可见，她认为作者是适合(suit)的。 【三年高考】10、11 、12高考试题及其解析2018高考英语试题（2018江苏卷） 请认真阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最正确选项。I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still p
11、ossible for anyone who _48_ wants it. Computers can be shut _49_ and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many _50_， as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up _51_ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people fee
12、l _52_ and forced to answer unwanted calls or _53_ to unwanted texts. Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society _54_ across generations. Some find todays technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyones view on the subject, its hard to imagine what life would be like _55_
13、daily advancements in technology.36. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected37. A. though B. until C. once D. before38. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved39. A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance40. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable41. A. even if B. only if C. as
14、 if D. if only42. A. media B. computers C. databases D. monitors43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent44. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment48. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really49. A. out B. down C. up D. in50. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted52. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D
