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1、 LessonFive LessonFiveLoveisaFallacy byMaxShulman TeachingContents Preview adiscussiononloveandrecognitionoflogicalfallaciesBackground MaxSchulman logicfallaciesTextanalysis thestructure writingtechniques thefigurativelanguageExtension Writing LoveisaFallacyorNot Loveisaneasygametoplay Loveisblue li
2、kethe blue in bluemovies Loveisblind Loveisakindofemotionthatmakesyoufeelupanddown Loveisafallacy Onceyougetusedtoeachother itbecomeslife nomoreloveexisting Loveisingivingratherthanintaking Howdoyouthinkofsomeofthefollowingviewpointsconcerninglove workingroups Warm up Oneishalfwhenhe sheisborn He Sh
3、espendsmostofhis hertimeinsearchoftheotherhalf Eventually he shefindshis herlove Yesterday Beatles Yesterday Allmytroublesseemedsofaraway Nowitlooksasthoughthey reheretostay Oh Ibelieveinyesterday Suddenly I mnothalfthemanIusedtobe There sashadowhangingoverme Oh yesterdaycamesuddenly WhysheHadtogoId
4、on tknow shewouldn tsay Isaid Somethingwrong nowIlongforyesterday Yesterday Lovewassuchaneasygametoplay NowIneedaplacetohideaway Oh Ibelieveinyesterday WhysheHadtogoIdon tknow shewouldn tsay Isaid Somethingwrong nowIlongforyesterday Yesterday Lovewassuchaneasygametoplay NowIneedaplacetohideaway Oh I
5、believeinyesterday Loveisblue Blue bluemyworldisblueBlueismyworldnowI mwithoutyouGrey greymylifeisgreyColdismyheartsinceyouwentawayRed redmyeyesareredCryingforyoualoneinmybedGreen greenmyjealousheartIdoubtedyouandnowwe reapartWhenwemethowthebrightsunshoneThenloveisdieNowtherainbowisgoneBlack blackth
6、enightI veknownlongingforyousolostandaloneGone gonetheloveweknewBlueismyworldnowI mwithoutyou TheAuthorLogicFallacies BackgroundInformation MaxShulman 1919 1988 isoneoftheAmerica sbest knownhumorists Heisawriterofmanytalents hehaswrittennovels stories Broadwayplays moviescenariosandtelevisionscripts
7、 I Author MaxShulmanisbestrememberedforcreatingthepopularcharacterDobieGillis atypicalAmericanteenwhofrequentlysufferedfromromanticangst afeelingofpersistentworry Thecharacterappearedonapopulartelevisionsitcom i e situationcomedy情景剧 duringthe1950sandwasinafeaturefilmin1953 OtherworksbyMaxShulman I A
8、uthor Cont II LogicFallacies DictoSimpliciter 绝对判断 HastyGeneralization 草率结论 不完全归纳 PostHoc 牵强附会 假性因果 ContradictoryPremises 矛盾前提 二立背反 大前提有毛病AdMisericordiam 拉丁文 意思为诉诸同情 aLatinphrasemeaning topity afallacyinlogicofappealingtopityorcompassion FalseAnalogy 错误类比 HypothesisContrarytoFact 与事实相反的假设 Poisoningt
9、heWell 投毒下井 Argument Inordertounderstandwhatafallacyis onemustunderstandwhatanargumentis Verybriefly anargumentconsistsofoneormorepremisesandoneconclusion Therearetwomaintypesofarguments deductiveandinductive Adeductiveargumentisanargumentsuchthatthepremisesprovidecompletesupportfortheconclusion Ani
10、nductiveargumentisanargumentsuchthatthepremisesprovidesomedegreeofsupport butlessthancompletesupport fortheconclusion 归纳法与演绎法 前提与结论 某农妇养小鸡10只 公母各半 她预备母鸡养大生蛋 公鸡则养至100天后陆续杀以佐餐 天天早晨她拿米喂鸡 到100天的早晨 一只公鸡正这样想到 第一天早晨有米吃 第二天早晨有米吃 第99天早晨有米吃 所以今天 是第100天 一定有米吃 但是农妇把这只鸡杀了 人总是要死的 但死的意义有不同 中国古时候有个文学家叫做司马迁的说过 人固有一死
11、 或重于泰山 或轻于鸿毛 为人民利益而死 就比泰山还重 替法西斯卖力 替剥削人民和压迫人民的人去死 就比鸿毛还轻 张思德同志是为人民利益而死的 他的死是比泰山还要重的 为人民服务 毛泽东 Fallacy Fallaciesaredefectsinanargument otherthanfalsepremises whichcauseanargumenttobeinvalid unsound 无根据的 有缺点地 orweak Byunderstandingwhatfallaciesare youcanavoidmakingthemandmoreeasilydetectthemintheworko
12、fothers 1 anideawhichmanypeoplebelievetobetruebutwhichisinfactfalsebecauseitisbasedonincorrectinformationorfaultyreasoning 2 aweaknessandlackoflogicorgoodsenseinanargumentorpieceofarguing E g Thebeliefthatwomenarealwaysweakerthanmenisjustafallacy Practising Analyzethefollowingfallacieswiththehelpoft
13、hetext 1 Peopleallovertheworldarepeace loving 2 Hisparentslovehim HisMissRightloveshim too So everybodyheknowsloveshim 3 Don teateggsbeforeanexam Iamflunked 不及格 everytimewhenItakeanexamaftereatinganegg 4 Hedecidedtogiveupallhisdecisions DictoSimpliciter 绝对判断 HastyGeneralization 草率结论 PostHoc 牵强附会 Con
14、tradictoryPremises 矛盾前提 Analyzethefollowingfallacies 5 Whentheinterviewerasksthejob huntertomakeabriefself introduction herepliesthathehastofindajobtoaffordhisoldparentsandyoungchildrenwhoarenowsufferingfromhunger AdMisericordiam 诉诸同情 6 Wecantakebooksandfoodinthetrain thenshouldn twetakeabombwithusi
15、nthetrain FalseAnalogy 错误类比 7 IfChinesepeoplehadnotoverthrowntheKuomingtangRegime wewouldnotliveahappylifetoday HypothesisContrarytoFact 与事实相反的假设 8 WhenthenewteacheraskedPetertoanswerthequestion Tomrosetohisfeetandsaid Peterisadunce 蠢材 笨学生 heknowsnothingaboutwhatyouaretalkingabout PoisoningtheWell 井
16、下投毒 9 AllstudentsinthisuniversitycanspeakEnglishwell DictoSimpliciter 绝对判断 10 Iwillnotgotothelibraryanymore becauseeverytimeIgothere itrains PostHoc 牵强附会 LearningofLogicFallacies Appreciationoflogicfallacies 1 DictoSimpliciter 绝对判断 thefallacyiscommittedbyanargumentthatappliesageneralruletoaparticularcaseinwhichsomespecialcircumstancesmaketheruleinappropriate Examples Carisfast Thereforeeverytimewehangout weshoulddriveacar Dogisapet Everyonelikesit Posteducationisbeneficial soeveryoneshouldatleas
