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1、第四讲主旨大意题题型1概括主旨大意类示例(2017全国卷，C)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here
2、and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans arou
3、nd.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populationsmajor food sources(来源) for the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.
4、The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes, and completely drove away the parks beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers
5、opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The US. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues ove
6、r how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as we
7、ll.8What is the text mainly about?AWildlife research in the United States.BPlant diversity in the Yellowstone area.CThe conflict between farmers and gray wolves.DThe reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.解题思路第一步速读文章，找出本篇主题句After_years_of_heated_debate,_gray_wolves_were_reintroduced_to_Yellows
8、tone_National_Park.第二步对比选项，确定答案关键词复现：wolves;_reintroduced;_Yellowstone_National_Park尝试解答_D_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)Whats the main idea of the passage/text?(2)Whats the passage/text mainly about?(3)What does the author mainly discuss in the passage/text?2“主题句定位”寻主旨概括文章主旨关键在于查找主题句。主题句是文章的核心，具有明确的概括性。主题句的位置一般有以下
9、几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述归纳主题进一步解释。3找主题句的五个窍门(1)首段转折处常引出文章主题句；(2)主题句常包含文章主题词；(3)主题句常是定义型或总结型的句子；(4)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是主题句；(5)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的
10、内容可能是主题句。题型2总结段落大意类示例(2017全国卷，C)Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehiclenamed the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be dri
11、ven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.28What is the first para
12、graph mainly about?AThe basic data of the Transition.BThe advantages of flying cars.CThe potential market for flying cars.DThe designers of the Transition.解题思路第一步读本段文字，试找出能总结段落大意的关键词has_two_seats;_four_wheels_and_wings;_at_1，400_feet;_reach_around_70_miles_per_hour等。第二步归纳本段大意尝试解答_A_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)The
13、 main idea of the. paragraph is probably _(2)The. paragraph talks about _(3)Whats Paragraph. mainly about?2“首尾兼顾”定选项(1)每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落中心通常会在段首句体现出来。有些采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，段落中心会在段尾句体现。(2)注意某些段落没有明显的段落中心，需根据段落内容概括出中心。题型3标题归纳类示例(2017全国卷，D)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have tu
14、rned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading t
15、o them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing invehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custommade navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on o
