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1、Period Starting out & Understanding ideas课前自学导引pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)你有没有问过自己为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难?我没问过。直到有一天,我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里有没有ham(火腿)。没有。这让我意识到eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(鸡蛋)。pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。这让我思考英语是一门多么疯狂的语言。例如,在我们的空闲时间,我们可以sculpt(雕刻)一尊sculpture(雕像),paint(画)一幅pain
2、ting(绘画),但我们take(拍摄)一张photo(照片)。旅行时,在汽车或出租车上我们用in,但在火车或公共汽车上却用on!当旅行的时候,我们可能在海上会seasick(晕船),在飞机上会airsick(晕机),在汽车里会carsick(晕车),但是当我们回到家的时候不会homesick(想家)。说到家,为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务活)不是一回事儿呢?如果hard(坚硬的)是soft(柔软的)的反义词,为什么hardly(几乎不)和softly(柔软地)不是一对反义词呢?如果harmless(无害的)行为和harmful(有害的)行为相反,为什么shame
3、less(无耻的)行为和shameful(可耻的)行为是相同的呢?当我们看到窗外下雨或下雪时,我们可以说its raining(正在下雨)或its snowing(正在下雪)。但是当我们看到阳光的时候,我们不能说its sunshining。即使是最小的单词也会令人困惑。当你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO时,你会把它读成“Whos that?”中的who吗?那IT 和US呢?你也不得不对一种语言的独特疯狂感到惊奇。在这种语言中,房子可以在burns down(被烧毁)时burn up(烧尽);在这种语言中,你可以通过filling out(填写)来fill in(填写)一个表格;在这种语言中,警
4、报器只有goes(鸣响)才能被听到!英语是人而不是电脑发明的,它反映了人类的创造力。这就是为什么星星out(出来)时是看得见的,但灯out(熄灭)时是看不见的。这就是为什么当我给我的手表wind up(上发条)时,它开始运转;而当我wind up(结束)这篇文章时,它结束了。课堂合作探究1confusing adj. 令人困惑的(P15)归纳拓展(1)confuse vt. 使迷惑,使糊涂confuse . with/and . 把和混淆(2)confused adj. 困惑的be confused about sth. 对某事迷惑不解(3)confusion n. 混乱,困惑in confu
5、sion 困惑地,困窘地The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明十分令人费解。I think its a serious mistake to confuse work with life.我认为把工作同生活混为一谈是大错特错。I love learning new words, but I am confused about how to remember them well.我喜欢学习新单词,但是我对如何记好单词感到困惑不解。He looked at me in confusion and did not answer
6、the question. 他困惑地看着我并没有回答这个问题。(1)单句语法填空You should not confuse your career your life.I am still a bit confused what happened.答案:with/andabout (2)用confuse的适当形式填空They me by asking so many questions. I was totally , standing there in , not knowing what to do.答案:confused; confusing; confused; confusion2
7、reflect vt. 反映;反射(声、光、热等);显示;表达vi. 深思(P15)归纳拓展(1)reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考(2)reflection n. 反映;映像;反射;深思on/upon reflection 经再三思考(3)reflective adj. 反射的,反映的;沉思的;深思的;(指物体表面)反光的Her facial expression reflected how she really felt.她的面部表情反映出了她的真实感受。Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local communi
8、ty.我们的报纸力求表达当地人民的心声。Before I decide, I need time to reflect.在作出决定以前,我需要时间认真考虑。The manager needed more time to reflect on/upon what to do.经理需要更多的时间来思考做什么。(1)单句语法填空His face (reflect) in the big mirror when he passed by.Your clothes are often a (reflect) of your personality.On dark nights children shou
9、ld wear (reflect) clothing.答案:was reflectedreflectionreflective(2)单句写作最初我认为那是个坏主意,但经再三思考,我认识到她是对的。At first I thought it was a bad idea, but I realized she was right.答案:on reflection1have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难(P14)归纳拓展(1)have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦(2)have troubl
10、e/difficulty/problems with sth. 在某方面有麻烦或有困难You could ask the teacher for help when you have trouble/difficulty/problems in learning English. 当你学英语有困难时,你可以向老师寻求帮助。He said he had trouble/difficulty/problems with the pronunciation.他说他发音有问题。(1)单句语法填空I never have trouble in (sleep) in a strange place. Wh
11、enever we have trouble our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.答案:sleepingwith (2)单句写作我与外国人交流有困难。I foreigners.答案:have trouble/difficulty/problems in communicating with2burn down 烧毁(多指建筑物被烧塌)(P15)归纳拓展burn up 烧光,烧尽(多指东西被烧掉);(通过锻炼)消耗(热能)burn out 烧坏;燃尽;耗尽体力burn sth. to the ground 将烧成平地A numbe
12、r of houses were burnt down in the fire.在火灾中,有许多房子被烧毁了。Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging.快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。The big fire burned the teaching building to the ground.大火将教学楼烧成平地。 1)单句语法填空They threatened to burn our house.All the wood has been burned and nothing left except the ashes. 答案
13、:downup (2)单句写作他要是继续这样拼命工作,就会把自己累垮。If he doesnt stop working so hard, hell .在上周的这场大火中,至少九座房子被烧为平地。At least nine houses in the big fire last week.答案:burn himself outwere burned to the ground1Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 菠萝中既没有松树也没有苹果。(P14)剖析本句中neither . nor . 意为“既不也不”,其含义是否定的,可连接任意两个
14、并列的成分。归纳拓展(1)neither . nor . 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数应和临近的主语一致,遵循“就近原则”。(2)neither可以单独作主语,表示“两者中没有一个”。(3)表示“一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事”时,可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither/Nor助动词/情态动词/be动词主语。(4)如果neither . nor连接两个句子的时候,分别位于分句句首,则两个分句都要进行部分倒装。Neither Dad nor Mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。Neither of them likes football.他们俩都不喜欢足球。They didnt go to the park yesterday. Neither/Nor did we.昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去。Neither has he done it, nor will he do it.他没有做过这事,他以后也不会做这事。(1)单句语法填空Neither his parents nor he (like) eating meat.答案:likes(2)单句写作I have no