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1、 .页眉：左：Team # 2457（队号）右：Page 当前页数 of 总页数无页脚Tittle of paper论文标题 Times New Roman 小二 加粗Summary/Abstract摘要 一级标题 四号 Times New Roman 加粗Key words:小四 Times New Roman 加粗Word 资料I. Introduction一级标题 同上（引言）Organ transplantation is a preferable treatment for the most serious forms of end-stage diseases. In recent
2、 years, advances in medical science and technology have made solid organ transplantation an increasingly successful and common medical procedure, a literal second chance at life. Not only does it offer the best hope for complete rehabilitation, but it has also proved to be the most cost-effective of
3、 all treatment options, including dialysis. Consequently, more and more people are benefiting from organ transplants and their surviva正文 五号 Times New Romanl rates are steadily improving. The surgical techniques involved have been mastered for half a century and are now considered as routine. The two
4、 main sources of kidneys for transplantation are deceased-donor kidneys and live-donations from family and friends. However, unfortunately, there is a considerable shortage of donor organs, compared to demands. As a matter of fact, efficient matching and allocation of organs donated has become an ex
5、igent problem.The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), as the operator of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), is responsible for transplant organ distribution in the United States. UNOS oversees the allocation of many different types of transplants, including liver, kidney,
6、 pancreas, heart, lung, and cornea. Focusing on kidney transplantation, based on UNOS Kidney Allocation Model, we develop a mathematical model for US transplant networks. First, incoming organs are matched with waiting candidates by medical institutions considering the factors as ABO blood compatibi
7、lity, the degree of recipient major HLA mismatch in order to obtain a matching degree applied on the allocation part. After that, from the patients perspective, on the basis of linear regression, priority weight is defined by pondering age, disease severity, time on waiting, PRA level, and region. A
8、pplying this mechanism of ranking, we realize MWBM (Maximum Weight Bipartite-graph Matching) and SMGS (Stable Matching based on Gale-Shapley algorithm). MWBM focuses on the optimal assignment of donors following the algorithm of bipartite-graph maximum weight matching; SMGS emphasizes the process of
9、 exchanges in order to obtain the stable exchanges between donors and candidates on the waiting list.II. The Description of Problem一级标题 同上（问题重述)III. Basic Assumptions一级标题 同上模型假设l The level of mismatch is only relative to the number of antigens.l The data and information are accurately registered acc
10、ording to the medical measuresl The data and information are refreshed in time according to the status of the patientsl No differences in the quality of the donor kidneysl The quality of the donor kidney is constant 分点用 不用序号符号定义IV. Definitions and Notationsl Kidney transplantation: A kidney transpla
11、nt is a surgical procedure to implant a healthy kidney into a patient with kidney failure.l Prioritizationl MD: Matching Degreel PW: Prioritization weightl MWSM: Maximum Weight Bipartite Matchingl SMGS: Stable Matching based on Gale-Shapley algorithm分点用 不用序号或NotationDefinitiontemperaturetimeV. Model
12、s一级标题模型正文Through the investigation of US transplantation network, we draw a general picture of the mechanism. With reference to some resources available on the website of UNOS, a flow chart (Figure 1) is developed showing the procedure of the network.Currently, the initial waiting list is composed o
13、f patients who are waiting for a kidney or combined kidney-pancreas transplant. For the first time, the patients are requested to show the correct and scientific information to the US kidney transplant network which is needed for donor-recipient matching, the ranking of patients on the waiting list,
14、 and determining the outcome of those transplanted. The patients waiting lists are composed of initial patients, historical patients and unsuccessful recipient after transplantation. Historical patients refer to registered patients whose status have changed and have an influence on the procedure. A
15、patient is taken off the waiting list when a graft is offered and accepted by that patient or the patient is dead while waiting for a transplant. Unsuccessful recipients refer to the patients who have a bad result of transplantation calling for transplantation again, as it is so-called relist Figure 1. A schematic depicting the steps occurring in the transplantation networks图片下标: Figure 1.(加粗)（图片名不需加粗）.Table 1.Survival rate involving HLA mismatch表名：Table 1.（加粗）（表名不需加粗）Level of HLA mismatchSurvival rate(%) by donor typeECDNon-ECDLiving060%74%87%153%71%80%257%71
