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1、英语必修2译林牛津版Unit 1语法教案Period Six Grammar and usage (1)课程标准描述运用学过的现在完成时和现在完成进行时有效地表达情感意图和态度。 .Teaching aims:1. Help Ss learn how to form and use the present perfect tense2.Give a brief introduction to the present perfect tense and compare the difference between the simple past tense and the present per
2、fect tense.Teaching important points & difficult points:1. Master the use of the present perfect tense.2. Learn their comparison.Teaching methods:Generalization and practice.Teaching aids:A projector and some slides.Teaching procedures:Step 1 GreetingsStep 2 Lead- in 1. Ask Ss to complete the follow
3、ing sentences, in which the predicate part is missing, with the proper tense.1)We _ (study) English for about five years. 2)They _ (live) in the south since their daughter was born. 3)I _ (read) our article three times. Its well written. 4)The student _ ( finish) her homework already. 5)Eric _ (go)
4、back to his hometown today. 6)The police _( just finish) searching the area.( Keys: 1. have studied 2. have lived 3 have read 4. has finished 5. has gone 6.have just finished )2. Ask students to listen carefully and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reason why they are used.Ste
5、p 3 Learning Learn the form and use of the present perfect tense with students.一构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词（done） 被动结构：have / has been + 动词的过去分词（done）二现在完成时的基本用法：1. 表示过去发生的事或刚结束的动作对现在仍有影响或造成的结果。 The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy. (Justin在过去失踪，但是Kelly至今仍为他的失踪感到不高兴。) The police have
6、just finished searching the area. 2. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在（句中用延续性动词）。I have not seen Justin since last Friday night. （从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见过Justin）3. 表示过去曾发生过一次或多次的行为，也可以表示一种经历。Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times.三常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：1already (多用于肯定)，yet（多用于否定、疑问），never, ever，before, several tim
7、es, recently, lately, just(而just now用一般过去时)等2so far, up to now, how long, for+时间段，since+时间点/时间段加ago/从句(从句用一般过去时), in the past/ last +时间段，by now, by this time, these days, all these years,。请看如下高考题中完成时态与标志词之间的对应关系：1. You dont need to describe her, I have met her several times.2. -Who is Jerry Copper?-
8、Havent you met him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.3. -How are you today?- Oh, I havent felt as ill as I do now for a very long time.4. I wonder why Jenny hasnt written to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.5. With the rapid growth of population, the city has spre
9、ad in all directions in the past five years.6. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science has shown that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.7. The country life he was used to has changed since 1992.8. We havent seen him since he left Nanjing.We havent seen him for two years/ since 2002.9.
10、 My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far. 10. Ive met the old man somewhere before. 注意：1 一些非延续性动词，如，arrive, teach, join, lose, fall, come, go, leave, buy等，其现在完成时形式不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：他三年前买了一辆车。He has bought a car for three years.（误） He has had a car for three years. （正） He has
11、 bought a car. （正） He bought a car three years ago. （正） 他两年前参了军。 He has joined the army for two years. 误） He has been in the army for two years. （正） He has joined the army. （正）He joined the army two years ago. （正）2.用于until, after, as soon as, if等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，强调动作的完成。如：I cant promise y
12、ou anything until I have spoken to the manager.在和经理商谈之前，我不能向你承诺任何事情。Please turn off the electricity after you have finished the experiment.试验完成之后请关掉电源。3.现在完成时不与具体的过去时间短语及when连用I dont know when he has left.（误）He has left here ten minutes ago. 误）4. 注意have been to 和have/has gone to的区别：have/has been to曾
13、经去过某地 have/has gone to 去了某地 Jack is on holiday now. He has gone to France. (He is in France now or he is on his way to France.) Jack is back in London now. He has been to France .(He was in France but now he has returned.)5一些特殊句式要用现在完成时态：1）It/This is the first / second time thatthat从句用现在完成时。It is th
14、e first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late. This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.。This is the only book that he has written.3）It is/ has +一段时间+since从句
15、It is/ has been 3 years since I saw you.Step 4 ComparisonCompare the difference between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.现在完成时与一般过去时所表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，区别在于：1现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响或结果，它不与表过去的时间状语连用。2一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，与现在毫无关系关系，它常与这些时间状语词连用：yesterday, last night/ week/ month/ year, ago, in 1980, at that time, then, the other day, just now, once等。1. We have studied English for about five years.We b
