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1、单元语法：动词不定式 (the infinitive)学习目标：掌握动词不定式在句子中所作6种成分的不同用法；掌握动词不定式的6种变化形式。重点语法解说：1.不定式在句中可作成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语1) 作主语(指某次具体的或将要发生的动作)To learn English well is very important. 但更多情况下放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语：Its important to learn English well.2) 作宾语 (用于某些动词后作宾语, 常见的动词有want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide, expec
2、t, manage, offer, promise, refuse, plan, try, learn, afford, need.)He wanted to see the boss. 他想见老板。I hope to be back soon. 我希望早点回家 3) 作表语 (表示目的, 预测, 安排，愿望等)The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality. (目的)You are to die at ninety-eight. (预测)They are to marry next week. (安排)注意主语与表语形式相呼
3、应：To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing.4) 作定语 (动词不定式作定语往往后置，且与被修饰的词之间存在动宾关系、主谓关系、同位关系。)Do you have anything to say for yourself?(动宾关系）He was the last one to leave the classroom.(主谓关系）I have no wish to quarrel with you.(同位关系)若动词不定式是不及物动词时，应在动词后加上适当的介词；若被修饰的词是place, time或way时，则通常省略不定式后的介词。The gi
4、rl has nothing to worry about.(不要遗漏about)Many children cant find a place to play.(不定式后in 或at通常省略)当名词用特定的定语，如first, last, next, only等及形容词最高级修饰时，其后用不定式修饰。He is the only person to know the truth.5) 作状语 (表示目的、结果、原因等。)During the next ten years they both worked day and night to pay for the debts.(目的)He wo
5、ke up to find everyone gone.(结果)We laughed to hear the news.(原因) 动词不定式与only连用时，可表示出乎意料的结果。He went to the seaside only to be drowned.6) 作补足语 A. 常见的带不定式做宾补的动词: ask, order, advise, want, teach, force, allow, expect, cause, tell, call on, depend on等。I consider him to be my best friend.You cant depend on
6、 him to come on time. B. 感官动词后如: (五看)see, watch, look at, observe, notice,（两听）hear, listen to（一感）feel, （三使役）let, make, have要带省去to的不定式做宾补，但在被动语态中，要加上to。 I heard her sing an English song just now.Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.She was heard to sing an English song just now.I was had to
7、 go to the shop and to buy some salt.2. 6种变化形式：不定式主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doingI have much work to do. 我有很多工作要做。Theres much work to be done.有很多工作要做。Its nice to be sitting here with you.很高兴和你坐在一起。Its nice to have finished the work.很高兴已
8、经完成了工作。The work seemed to have been finished before the deadline. 工作似乎在截止日期前已经完成了。To have been waiting for a long made me very upset. 等了那么久让我很烦。预习自测题 指出如下课文原句中动词不定式所作的句子成分并说明其用法。1.Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disab
9、ility.( )2.I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. ( )3.I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming.( )4.My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.( )5.To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time
10、but I find it worthwhile.( )6.If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. ( )7.Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. ( )课堂检测题单句语法填空1.It is
11、necessary _(lock) the car when you do not use it.2.He offered _(help) me.3.My dream is _(be) a doctor.4.He had no pen _(write) with.5.I come here only _(say) good-bye to you. 6.We consider this _(be) very important.7.You had better _(hear) her _(tell) the story again.8. They had nothing to do but _(
12、move). 当堂训练题用动词不定式短语改写下列句中的从句。1.She was excited when she heard the news._2.Im glad that I have seen your mother._3.There are still a lot of difficulties we have to overcome._4.At the end of the speech he expressed the desire that he should come and work in China._完成句子1._(取笑别人) is wrong.2.He managed _(按时完成任务).3.The girls ambition is_(成为一名歌星).4.He has _(许多问题要解决).5. _(为了赶上早班车)，I got up early.6.I find these math exercises _(很容易算出来).课后练习题一.语法填空Awarded the right_( host) the Games on July 1st, 2004, Guangzhou was left _
