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1、高一英语语法复习 Unit1 2 直接引语变间接引语 一 如何变人称 下面有一句顺口溜 一随主 二随宾 第三人称不更新 一随主 是指在直接引语变间接引语时 如果从 句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰 从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如 She said My brother wants to go with me She said her brother wanted to go with her 二随宾 是指直接引语变间接引语时 若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称 或被第二人你所修饰 从句中 的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致 如果引号外的主句没有宾语 也可以用第一人称 如 He sai
2、d to Kate How is your sister now He asked Kate how her sister was then 第三人称不更新 是指直接引语变间接引语时 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰 从句中的人称一般不需要变化如 Mr Smith said Jack is a good worker Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker 二 如何变时态 直接引语在改为间接引语时 时态需要做相应的调整 现在时它需改为过去时态 过去时态改为完成时 过去完成时则保留原来的时态 如 1 She said I have lost a
3、 pen She said she had lost a pen 2 She said We hope so She said they hoped so 3 She said He will go to see his friend She said he would go to see his friend 但要注意在以下几种情况下 在直接引语变为间接引语时 时态一般不变化 直接引语是客观真理 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth the teacher told me The teacher
4、told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth 直接引语是过去进行时 时态不变 如 Jack said John where were you going when I met you in the street Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street 直接引语中有具体的过去某年 某月 某日作状语 变为间接引语时 时态不变 如 Xiao Wang said I was born on April 2l 1
5、980 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20 1980 直接引语如果是一般现在时 表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作 变间接引语 时态不变 如 He said I get up at six every morning He said he gets up at six every morning 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式 例 ought to had better used to 和已经是过去时的形式 时 例 could should would might 不再变 如 Peter said You had better come have
6、 today Peter said I had better go there that day 三 如何变状语 直接引语变间接引语 状语变化有其内在规津 时间状语由 现在 改为 原来 例 now 变为 then yesterday 变为the day before 地点状语 尤其表示方向性的 或用指示代词修饰的状语 由 此 改为 彼 例 this 改为 that 如 He said These books are mine He said those books were his 四 如何变句型 直接引语如果是陈述句 间接引语应改为由that 引导的宾语从句 如 She said Our b
7、us will arrive in five minutes She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes 直接引语如果是反意疑问句 选择疑问句或一般疑问句 间接引语应改为由whether 或 if 引导的宾语从 句 如 He said Can you swim John He asked John if he could swim You have finished the homework haven t you my mother asked My mother asked me whether I had finished t
8、he homework Do you go to school by bus or by bike He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike 直接引语如果是特殊问句 间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句必须用 陈述句语序 She asked me When do they have their dinner She asked me when they had their dinner 直接引语如果是祈使句 间接引语应改为 tell ask order beg 等 sb not to do sth 句型 如 Do
9、n t make any noise she said to the children She told ordered the children not to make any noise Bring me a cup of tea please said she She asked him to bring her a cup of tea 直接引语如果是以 Let s 开头的祈使句 变为间接引语时 通常用 suggest 动句词 或从句 如 He said Let s go to the film He suggested going to the film 或 He suggested
10、 that they should go to see the film 引述别人的话有两种方式 一是使用引号引出人家的原话 这叫做直接引语 一是用自己的话把人家的话 转述出来 这叫做间接引语 例如 John said I m going to London with my father 约翰说 我要和父亲到伦敦去 引号内是直接引语 John said that he was going to London with his father 约翰说 他要和他父亲去伦敦 宾语从句是间接引语 由直接引语变为间接引语 分以下情况 1 直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为 that引导的宾语从句 口语中 th
11、at可以省略 主句的引述动词主要有say tell repeat explain think 等 He said You are younger than I He said that I was younger than him 2 直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序 主句的谓语动词say 改为 ask 或改为 wonder do not know want to know be not sure be puzzled 等 1 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if whether 引导的宾语从句 She said Do you often come here to read newspaper
12、s She asked me if 或 whether I often went there to read newspapers She asked me You have seen the film haven t you She asked me whether 或 if I had seen the film 2 选择疑问句变为whether or 宾语从句 I asked him Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight I asked him whether he woul d stay at home or go to a fil
13、m that night 3 特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句 He asked Where do you live He asked me where I lived 3 直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式 作ask tell beg order warn advise 等动词的宾语补足语 don t 变为 not The teacher said to the boy Open the window The teacher told the boy to open the window His father said to him Don t leave the door op
14、en His father told him not to leave the door open 注意 1 有些表示建议 提议 劝告或要求的祈使句 可以用suggest insist 等动词加以转述 例如 He said Let s go to the theatre He suggested our going to the theatre 或 He suggested that we should go to the theatre 2 Would you mind opening the window he asked He asked me to open the window Wh
15、y don t you take a walk after supper he asked he advised me to take a walk after supper Shall we listen to the music he asked He suggested listening to the music 4 直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或 how 引导 也可以用that 引导 She said What a lovely day it is She said what a lovely day it was 或 She said that it was a lov
16、ely day 5 如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时 则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态 如果主 句谓语动词为过去时 间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化 1 一般现在时变为一般过去时 2 现在进行时变为过去进行时 3 一般将来时变为过去将来时 4 现在完成时变为过去完成时 5 一般过去时变为过去完成时 6 过去完成时不变 仍为过去完成时 注意 1 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时 变为间接引语 一般现在时不改为一般过去时 如 The teacher said The earth goes round the sun The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun 2 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语 变为间接引语时 一般过去时不改为过去完成时 如 He said to me I was born in 1973 He told me that he was born in 1973 3 如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效 变为间接宾语时 一般现在时不改为一般过去时 如 He said I m a boy not a
