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1、High Scope 1 The High Scope curriculum was designed as a pre school interventionist programme 干预计划 aiming to alleviate 缓解 the perceived 感知 needs of children who were predicted as likely to fail within the education system 高瞻课程作为学前教育干预计划的一 部分被设计出来 它旨在缓解那些被预 测可能会在教育体系中失败的儿童们的 感知需求 2 It is one of many
2、such programmes developed in the USA 它是在美国被发展着的众多这种计 划中的一个 3 In the British education system implementation 实现 of the High Scope curriculum has not been according to the initial 最初的 criteria 标准 but many establishments have implemented the curriculum as a system that embodies 体现 了 good pre school pra
3、ctice 在英国的教育系统中 高瞻课程并没有 根据最初的标准来实现 但是许多教育机 构已经实现了能够让这个课程成为一个系 统 体现了良好的教育实践 1 The High Scope curriculum has a particular pattern of expectations roles structures and system 高瞻课程对于期望 角色 结构和系 统有一个特定的模式 2 Within this structure many of the familiar features of pre school curriculum are evident 明显的 sand w
4、ater painting role play construction 建筑 and outdoor play 在这个结构里 我们能十分明显的看 到学前教育课程里那些熟悉的特征 包 括沙子 水 绘画 角色扮演 建构游 戏和户外游戏等 1 The curriculum is based upon a range of psychological educational and sociological theories 这个课程是基于一系列的心理学 教 育学和社会学理论 2 The underpinning 基础 psychological theory owes much to Piaget
5、 that children learn best from active involvement 参与 with their environment 它的心理学基础很大程度上要归功于 皮亚杰 这个心理学基础就是 儿童最 好的学习状况来自于积极主动地参与周 围的环境 3 This is interpreted 解释 within an educational context 环境 背景 上下文 in a learning through play approach which ensures that the curriculum is developmentally appropriate
6、在教育背景下 它被解释为 寓教于乐 的方法能够确保课程发展得当 1 The sociological basis of the High Scope curriculum is the now generally accepted notion that a society needs to find ways of allowing as many people as possible to function 功能 起作用 well within the society firstly as a philosophical notion of equality but also perhap
7、s more cynically 嘲讽 as a way of harnessing 利用 all available skills for the benefit of a society s economy 高瞻课程的社会学基础在现在已经是被广泛接 受的观念 那就是一个社会需要找到方法使尽可 能多的人在社会中充分发挥作用 首先作为哲学 概念上平等的人 但同时 更具讽刺意味的是 作为一个利用所有可用技能的方式 来造福社会 经济 1 Research into the outcomes 成果 for participants 参与者 in the curriculum show that th
8、ey are less likely to develop antisocial patterns 反社会状态 of behavior than children who had other types of pre school experience 课程参与者的研究结果表明 与拥有其他 种类教育经验的孩子相比 受到高瞻课程教 育的孩子 有更少可能会出现反社会行为 1 In this context the researchers into the High Scope curriculum also provide a financial for the curriculum 在这种背景下
9、 高瞻课程的研究者还提供 了一个关于这个课程的金融研究 1 They claim 声称 要求 that in American for every dollar spent on the curriculum seven dollars are saved 他们声称 在美国 在高瞻课程上每花费1 美元将可以获利7美元 1 These calculations are based upon an assessment 评估 of welfare 福利 payments schooling costs taxes lost and gained the cost of criminal justi
10、ce 刑事审 判 and victim 受害者 of crime compensation 补偿 报酬 这些计算是基于对福利基金的评估 教 育花费 税费的损失和获得 刑事审判的 花费和犯罪受害者的赔偿 Implementing the High Scope Curriculum Room organization 室内 分布 Equipment organization 材 料的组织 The daily routine The role of the adult Key experiences Cognitively orientated 定位 确 定方向 programmes Child i
11、nitiated 发起 自发性的 activities Frameworks Developmental appropriateness 适 当 合适 Room organization is assigned 分配 归属 to 被分配到 被 投放到 is labeled with 被标志着 static adj 不变的 平静的 Important sentence Equipment is assigned to one of these areas and these areas must be labeled with both pictures and words 活动区的材料会被投放
12、到这些活动区并且 每个活动区都必须要相应地标上文字和图 片 Equipment organization intervention n 干预 介入 干涉 silhouette s lu et n 轮廓 剪影 vt 使呈现 轮廓 使呈现影子 As with room organization it is desirable that the children make the decisions about the organization of the equipment 活动空间是有组织性时 孩子们有望自己决定怎样 组织活动材料 The daily routine sequence si k
13、w ns n 顺序 elaboration l b re n n 详尽 精致 精心制作 或 计划 verbally v b li adv 言词上 口头地 照字面地 incorporate n k p re t vt 包含 组成公司 使混合 使具体化 vi 合并 包 含 吸收 混合 be incorporated into 被包含到 vigorous v r s adj 精力充沛的 有力的 元气 旺盛的 Important sentence This is done alongside an adult who encourages elaboration of the plan and whe
14、re appropriate helps the child to record it 孩子们做计划的过程中会有一位成人鼓励孩子们 将计划尽量做得详尽些 当时机合适时 帮助孩 子们将这些计划记录下来 This recall is often accompanied by some form of representation such as drawing exhibiting their work or verbally describing involved in structured often adult led activities 课程的回顾通常会以各种儿童展示的形式呈 现 可以是
15、画画 作品展示 或是有组织 性的口头语言述说 这些活动通常需要成 人的引导 The role of the adult dominate d m ne t v 支配 控制 统治 占优势 俯视 高耸于 incidental ns dentl adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 附带事件 杂项 The adult s role in the High Scope curriculum is to encourage demonstrate and assist but not to dominate 在高瞻课程中 成人所担任的是一个鼓励孩 子 管理孩子以及帮助孩子而不是控制孩 子的角
16、色 They are listed for the establishment to follow and children s progress in the curriculum is reviewed with reference to them 这些关键经验被罗列出来以供各种教育机 构使用 遵循 孩子们在课程中的发展走 向也会被记录下来供参考 Key terms concepts and experiences These key experiences form the focus of adult and child interaction They may be formally planned in small group time or incidental during work time 这些关键经验引起了人们对于成人和儿童 沟通方面的关注 这些关键经验有的会被 正式的规划到小组活动时间中或者经常被 规划到工作时间中 Child initiated activities and frameworks 儿童自发性活动与框架 1 Within the High Sco
