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1、Unit 3 Under the sea阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：30分钟).阅读理解AThe amount of fish caught worldwide is much larger than has been reported. And that could mean serious problems for the environment and nations that depend on fisheries (渔业). A new estimate shows that it is 32 million tons higher than countries have been
2、 reporting yearly.The same report notes that the worlds fish catch has been declining since the late 1990s. Countries report their industrial catches to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. But they do not report other kinds of fishing. This includes the catches of small commercial
3、fisheries, which are called artisanal fisheries, and fishing for recreation and individual food.Daniel Pauly at the University of British Columbia in Canada led the study. He noted that a huge amount of some catches is thrown away. “For example, shrimp trawlers (拖网渔船) keep only the shrimp and the fi
4、sh that they catch often eight to ten times as much as the shrimp gets thrown away.”Pauly told VOA that better estimates of the actual global catch will help ensure there will be enough fish in the future. “But our figures suggest that since 1996 a rapid decrease is happening. And if you project thi
5、s forward you end up in a few decades having much less catch, literally no catch. So that is potentially dangerous.”Researchers also found ways the worlds fisheries are changing. They found that fishing fleets of larger nations are catching fish in the waters of developing countries more and more.Pa
6、uly said he was surprised by the amount of fishing done by foreign fleets in competition with local fishers. “In West Africa, the figure that was most astonishing is the enormous role of foreign fishing of European and Asian vessels fishing legally or illegally and competing against local fishermen.
7、 On the other hand for the US, Australia and some developing countries, such as the Bahamas, what was apparent is the enormous contribution of recreational fisheries, which also never get reported to the FAO.”Researchers say inaccurate data also harms the development and supervision (监管) of effectiv
8、e policy and management measures.语篇解读：世界范围内捕鱼的数量比报告中的数量要多很多，而这些虚假报告对经济和环境都造成了不好的影响。1Whats the main idea of the passage?AFalse amount of fish caught worldwide harms economy environment.BThe worlds fish catch has been declining.CThe global fishing competition is serious.DThe management of global fishi
9、ng needs improving.解析：选A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一、二句“The amount of fish caught worldwide is much larger than has been reported. And that could mean serious problems for the environment and nations that depend on fisheries(渔业)”可知，本文主要阐述了关于捕鱼数量的虚假报告对环境造成了不好的影响。故选A项。2What does the underlined word “it” (in Para.1
10、) refer to?AThe amount of foreign fishing.BThe amount of local fishing.CThe amount of recreational fishing.DThe amount of all fish caught worldwide.解析：选D代词指代题。it为代词，指代前文，又根据32 million这个数字可推断出it指代第一句中的“The amount of fish caught worldwide”，由此可知选D项。3Which kind of fishing has been reported to the FAO?AI
11、ndustrial fish catches.BCommercial fishing.CFishing for entertainment.DFishing for individual food.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段二、三句“Countries report their industrial catches to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. But they do not report other kinds of fishing.”可知，各国向联合国粮食及农业组织报告了他们的工业捕鱼量，但没有报告其
12、他形式的捕鱼数量。故选A项。BSince English biologist Charles Darwin published OntheOriginofSpecies in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history.However, a lot of information is still the subject of speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.On
13、e subject that they guess at is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs that allowed them to move onto and live on land.Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.Romer thought that tide pools m
14、ight have led to fish gaining limbs.Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides.Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die.The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition from sea to land.Romer called these earliest
15、fourfooted animals “tetrapods”Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden.She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that
16、 by using computer software, her team had managed to link Romers theory to places where fossil deposits of the earliest tetrapods (四足动物) were found.According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today.Thi
