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1、现在完成时现在完成时的构成：主语+ have/has + P.P. 助动词 过去分词一表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。(1) He has learned English for about seven years.(2) They have lived in Beijing for ten years.since ten years ago. since they came here. (3) My uncle has taught in that school for ten years. since 2003.对划线部分提问：How long ha
2、s your uncle taught in that school? (4) A: How long has your father worked in that company?B: He has worked there for twenty years. since 1993. since he left the army.注意： 一次性动词可以有完成时，但不能与for或since等表示一段时间的状语连用。 要想和一段时间连用，需要把一次性动词转换成相应的延续性动词。comebe here go/leavebe away borrowkeep buyhave joinbe in/be
3、a member of get to knowknow begin/startbe on diebe dead openbe open closebe closedIve bought the pen. (1) Ive bought the pen for about two years. Ive had the pen for about two years. (2) He has joined the Youth League. He has joined the Youth League for about two years. He has been a league member f
4、or about two years. (3) Ive come to this school for about two years. Ive been in this school for about two years. (4) Ive got to known him for about two years. Ive known him for about two years. 注意：否定句例外(5) A: Hello! I havent seen you for a long time. How are you? 一次性动词 for + 一段时间B: Im fine, thank y
5、ou, and you?A: Im fine, too. Thanks.二表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(1) I have just (或already) posted the packet. 我已经把包裹邮寄了。 (“邮寄”这个动作是过去发生的，也许是昨天寄去的，但对现在造成的影响是“包裹不在我这里，或不久对方就能收到包裹了”。)区别：I posted the packet yesterday. 我昨天邮寄的包裹。（ 此句有明显的表示过去的时间状语。因此需用过去时，只强调动作，不考虑影响。）(2) A: Have you seen the film? B: Yes, I h
6、ave. A: When and where did your see it? B: I saw it at Ying le Cinema last night.(3) A: Have you bought an English-Chinese dictionary? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you buy it? B: I bought it last week.(4) A: Has the plane arrived? B: Yes, it has. A: When did it arrive? B: Half an hour ago. (影响和结果是：Yo
7、u had hoped to meet sb. at the airport, but you were too late. You missed meeting sb.)三三种句型（1）句型一表示“曾经到过某地” 要用“ have/has been to 某地”这种句型不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，但是可以与“次数”连用。 A: Have you ever been to the Great Wall? Beijing? England? B: No, never. What about you? A: Yes, I have. B: How many times have you been
8、 there? A: Only once.(twice, three times) （2）句型二表示“到某地去了” 要用 “have/has gone to某地”这种句型的特点是： 主语必须是第三人称，单复数均可。A对B说，或B对A说某人C或某些人C到哪里去了，现在不在此地。 不能与“表示一段时间的状语”连用，也不能与“次数”连用。 A: Wheres Wei Fang? B: She has gone to the shop. the post office. the playground. A: Please tell her to come to the teachers office
9、as soon as she comes back. B: All right. Ill do that. 比较下面两组句子 Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？(他已经回来了) Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（他现在不在这儿） She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(她现在不在上海) She has gone to Shanghai. 她到上海去了。( 她现在可能在去上海的路上或已到达上海，总之不在这儿。) （3）句型三have/has been in China (大地方用in) + for+一段时间 at this sc
10、hool (小地方用at) since+过去的点时间 here (副词) there (副词) away (副词) a student (名词)这种句型表示“某种状态已经存在多久”，可以与“表示一段时间的状语”连用，（即可用How long提问），但不能与“次数”连用。 The foreign friend has been in China for five years.对划线部分提问：How long has the foreign friend been in China? I have been at this school for ten years. since 2003.对划线部
11、分提问：How long have you been at this school? He has been here (there, away) for three years. How long has he been a league member? Mary has been in China for two years now and is doing well. 小结：1. 他去过北京（一次，两次）。 He has been to Beijing(once, twice). 2. 他去北京了。 He has gone to Beijing. 3. 他去北京5天了。 He has b
12、een in Beijing for 5 days.现在完成时练习一 单项选择：( ) 1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _ what happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know( ) 2. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B. never C. ever D. still( ) 3. Have you met Mr. Li _ ？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago( ) 4. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote
