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1、Chapter 3: The Romantic Period考核要求:1.识记:浪漫主义时期的界定和历史文化背景2.领会:浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响以及浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及对后世文学的影响。3.应用:名词解释浪漫主义以及浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析1. Historical background:Internationally, The French Revolutions: -the great event, arouse great sympathy and enthusiasm in the English liberals and Conservatives, they all d
2、eclared Liberty, Equality and Fraternity Rousseau-the great French Philosopher. Influence by Rousseau, the writers began to explore the new ideas about Nature, Society and EducationThese paved the way for the development of Romanticism in the literature internationallyNationally, Industrial revoluti
3、on (Industrialization, Further capitalization and Urbanization)The survival of fittest (the sharper contradiction between capitalists and the labors)These are the national basis of the production of Romanticism2. Literature background:The early works with Romantic tendency are following:Thomas Paine
4、s The Declaration of Rights of Man claiming Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. Edmund Burke published his Reflections on the Revolution in France. William Godwins Inquiry Concerning Political Justice. Against the injustice, economic system and the oppression of the poor.Mary Wollstonecraft urged the
5、equal rights for women in her A Vindication(辩护) of the Right of Woman. 3. The definition, duration and characteristics of the Romanticism:The definition:The Romantic Movement, which associated with vitality, powerful emotion and dreamlike ideas, is simply the expression of life as seen by the imagin
6、ation rather than by prosaic common sense.The contrast between Romanticism and Neoclassicism:Romanticism: associated with vitality, powerful emotion and dreamlike ideasNeoclassicism: associated with order, common sense and controlled reasonDuration:Beginning time: 1798 marked by the publication of L
7、yrical Ballads by Wordsworth and ColeridgeEnding time: 1832 marked by the death of Scott and the passage of the first Reform Bill【例题】Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry? (0704) A. Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge B. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cl
8、oud” by William Wordsworth C. “Remorse”by Samuel Taylor Coleridge D. Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman 【答案】A【解析】(P157. para.1)所谓landmark,是指在英国文学史上具有划时代意义的作品。 Lyrical Ballads 的出版标志着英国文学的浪漫主义时期的开始,所以答案是ACharacteristics:The spontaneous overflow(自然流露的) of powerful feelingThe creation of a world of imaginatio
9、nThe return to nature for materialsSympathy with the humble and glorification of the common placeEmphasis upon the expression of individual geniusA sense of melancholy and loneliness of the characterThe rebellious spirits of the authorThe major achievements are poetry4. The viewpoints of Romanticist
10、s on society and literature:Socially:Romanticist saw man essentially as an individual in the solitary stateThe Romanticist emphasized the special qualities of each individuals mindThe Romanticists changed the direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of th
11、e human spiritsOn Literature: In essence it designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experienceIt also place individual at the center of the artMake the literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feeli
12、ng and particular attitudesValue its accuracy in portraying the individuals experiences 5. The development of Romanticism and its principles:The developmentIn this period, we note a new interest in literatures and legends other than those of Greece and Rome. It was in effect a revolt of the English
13、imagination against the neoclassical reason They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Major Representatives of this movement: Wordsworth and ColeridgeThe principlesGeneral principles:They saw poetry as a healing energyThey believ
14、e that poetry could purify both individual soul and societyThey explored the new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry:a. Poetry should be free from all rules in formsb. Humble people and the common everyday life should be describe in subjectc. Employ the commonplace, the natural and the s
15、imple as the poetic materialsd. Seek for the Absolutee. Bold experiments in poetic language, versification and designWordsworth: Call for simple themes drawn from humble lifeThe poet as a “man speaking to men”, Poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”Coleridge:Imagination is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements. Regard the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration as something crucial for true poetryNature is the major source of poet