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1、高考英语语法专题复习:动词时态语态【考纲解读】课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题,每年每份试卷中都有23个小题,每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说,命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起,增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态,近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时,其次是一般过去时。【名师指导】1. 了解并能正确运用常考的10种时态;2. 熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态;3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别,如现在完成时和一般过去时等。动词时
2、态的知识网络(以动词do为例)(红字部分为考纲要求时态)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般时do / doesdidshall/will do/be going toshould/would do进行时am/is/are doingwas/were doingshall/will be doingshould/would be doing完成时have/has donehad doneshall/will have doneshould/would have done完成进行时have/has been doinghad been doingshall/will have been doings
3、hould/would have been doing时 态1表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如usually,often,always,sometimes,every day等。On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.星期一早晨,通常花费我一小时开车去上班。2表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。3表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为,只限于g
4、o, come, leave, start, stop, arrive, begin, return, open, close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm.我理想的学校上午8:30上课,下午3:30放学。4在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.如果你今天下午过来,我们将开个会。5在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。Here c
5、omes the English teacher.英语老师来了。典例 (2015全国卷语法填空)This cycle _(go) day after day:The walls warm up during the daygoes解析:时间状语为day after day,且根据下文的warm用了一般现在时可知此处表示目前的情况,所以用一般现在时。1表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1989等。The other day
6、 I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai.前几天,我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。2在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。He said he would not attend the meeting any longer if it rained.他说如果下雨他不参加会议了。3表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时,know, think, expect等动词常用一般过去时。I didnt expect to meet you here.我没料到会在这里碰见你。4常见句型(1)It is time that
7、sb. did sth.“该到了”。(2)It is/has been一段时间sincedid sth.“自从做某事已经一段时间了”。(3)would/had rather sb. did sth.“宁愿某人做某事”。It is time that we took action to protect our environment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。It is/has been three years since he joined the army.他参军3年了。典例 (2016全国卷丙语法填空)Confucius believed knives would remind p
8、eople of killings and _(be) too violent for use at the table.were解析:believed后接宾语从句,宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语,主句用了一般过去时,从句也要用相应的过去时,又因主语是knives,故填were。1一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,即单纯的将来事实。He will graduate from Beijing University next year.明年,他将毕业于北京大学。2三类表示一般将来时的特殊结构:(1)be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。Look
9、at the cloud. It is going to rain.瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。(2)be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.当我们去图书馆时,我们要遵守这些规章制度。(3)be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。The train is about to leave.火车即将开出。典例 (2015全国卷书面表达)If you are able to come with u
10、s,please let us know and we _(wait) for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.will wait解析:根据if从句用的是一般现在时表示将来,可知主句用will动词原形表示一般将来时。1表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与时间状语now,at the moment, at present等连用。He is watching a football match on TV at home now.他现在正在家里在电视上看足球赛。2一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, get,
11、start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。How many of you are coming to the party next week?你们中有多少人下周要来参加聚会?3现在进行时态与频率副词always, constantly连用表达某种感情色彩,如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。You are always forgetting the important thing.你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)典例 (2015北京高考书面表达)I _(write) to tell you my exciting plan for the sum
12、mer holiday.am writing解析:此句是书信的开头语,强调现在正在写信,故用现在进行时。1过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3:00 pm. yesterday.昨天下午3点他正在操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。2表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house.当盗贼闯入她家时她正在看电视。3表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作,
13、此用法常见动词有go, begin, leave, arrive, come, return等。I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些时候去看你,但是我不得不打电话取消了。典例 (2016北京高考单项填空)Jack _(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.was working解析:句意:杰克正在实验室工作这时停电了。本题考查“be doing sth. when”句型。根据题干中的occurred(一般过去时),可知设
14、空处用过去进行时。表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有:soon, tomorrow, this evening, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等。This time next week Ill be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.下星期这个时候,我正躺在海滩,享受着阳光。典例 (江苏高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I_(write) a report at home.will be w
15、riting解析:由题干中的关键信息词tomorrow morning可知,双方在谈论明天早晨的事情,所以答语应用将来进行时,表示“明天早晨我将在家写报告”。1表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语:already, so far, never, just, before, recently, for a long time, in the past/last few years等。Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.到目前为止,工作进展顺利,我们确信一定会按时完工。2表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态,常与“since时间点”或“for时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。