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1、1 20042004 年上学期年上学期 寒假专题寒假专题 不定式不定式 一 本周教学内容 寒假专题 不定式 1 不定式基本形式 to 动词原形 有时可以省略 to 1 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化 在句中不能作谓语 2 动词不定式仍保留动词的特点 即可以有它的宾语和状语 动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语 3 不定式前面的 to 和介词 to 不同 介词 to 后跟名词或代词的宾格 或相当于名词的词及短语做 宾语 而不定式 to 后要跟动词原形 2 不定式的语法功能可归纳为三种基本用法 1 不定式作名词的用法 在句中与名词作用相同 用作主语 表语 宾语和宾语补足语 不定式用作主语 e g
2、 To study English well is very important To cross a busy street during rush hours is a little dangerous To be with you is so nice I think 注 以上句子通常用 It is adj for sb to do sth 这一句型代替 不定式作表语 e g A student s work is to study hard The greatest reward for her is to finish the marathon My wish is to have
3、such a nice car one day 不定式作宾语 不定式用于及物动词后担当宾语 常见的用不定式作宾语的及物动词有 want hope wish like begin start try need forget agree know learn promise refuse help 等 e g We want to have a rest after school before we start to do our homework Don t forget to wake up Xiao Ming at 7 00 a m tomorrow morning The boy bega
4、n to learn to play the piano when he was only 6 years old 不定式作宾语补足语 常用不定式作宾补的及物动词有 ask tell like want make let have help 以及 hear see 等 e g She told her children to be honest all the time I want you to finish the work by yourself 2 不定式作副词的用法 修饰动词或形容词 表目的或原因 作状语 表目的 e g They went to England to study E
5、nglish for a month He didn t stop to have a rest in the marathon Mr White took me to his home to meet his family The boy got the ball turned to shoot and got two points 表原因 不定式在表感情色彩的形容词如 glad happy sorry sad surprised pleased 等之后修饰该形容 词 表 因 而 也可用于其它形容词之后 表 供 之用 e g I m glad to receive your E mail I
6、 m sorry to hear that 2 We re so happy to have a picnic in such a nice day The house is good enough to live in English corner is really good for you to practise your English and make friends 3 不定式作形容词 不定式作定语 放在所修饰名词或代词之后 e g Do you have something to drink I have something nothing to do this weekend
7、Jack was the last to leave the library yesterday I need somebody to help me with my cooking 若不定式为不及物动词 或不定式所修饰名词或代词是不定式动作的地点 工具时 不定式后必须 有相应的介词 I want a red pen to write with She has many questions to think about I have nothing new to show off this time 3 有关不定式用法的句型及难点 1 不定式的否定形式为 not 不定式 常用于 ask tel
8、l sb to do sth 这一句型中 尤其是 间接引语中 e g The policeman asked the children not to skate on the thin ice The teacher told him not to be late again 2 疑问句 who what which when how where 与不定式连用构成不定式短语 在句中充当 主语 宾语 表语等 e g Could you tell me how to get to the railway station They didn t know what to do How to get
9、on well with your classmates is a problem for new students My trouble is how to pass the test as fast as possible 注 以下动词常与 疑问词 不定式 短语连用 know show teach tell find out learn decide forget 等 3 不定式中省略 to 的情况及省略动词的情况 两个及以上不定式并列使用 第二个及以后不定式往往省略 to e g We are pleased to visit your school and learn a lot of
10、 things 感官动词 see watch look at hear feel 及使役动词 make have let 使用不定式作宾补时 省略 to help 一词之后 to 既可省略 也可不省略 但被动语态中 to 不可省略 e g These words made me get angry at once I see many parents send their children to school on weekdays We helped the farmers to pick the apples last week 口语中为避免重复 省略不定式中的动词原形 e g Would
11、 you like to do sth Yes I d love like to 4 want wish promise hope 不定式用法 want wish sb to do sth promise sb to do sth hope to do sth 5 句型 It is was 形容词 of for sb to do sth e g It s very kind of you to help us a lot It s important for all of us to learn English well 3 It s really interesting to talk to you 6 too to enough to 两个常用句型 e g He was too excited to say a word The room is too small to hold over 30 people The machine is too heavy for me to carry Don t worry I m strong enough to move the box The water is hot enough to boil eggs
