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1、Unit 1 Unit 2 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示所叙述的不是事实 而是一种愿望 假设 建议 猜测或使语气婉转 虚拟语气的应用 一 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用 二 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 三 虚拟语气在as if as though引导的方式状语 从句的应用 四 特殊句型的虚拟语气 五 难点 特殊虚拟条件句 一 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用 1 与现在事实相反 对现在的虚拟 从句谓语 主句谓语 If I had a lot of money now I would travel around the world 一般过去时 would should could
2、 might 动词原形 If I a boy I the army A were would join B am shall join C was would join D was shall join A 注意 在虚拟语气的从句中 be动词的过去式一 律用were 不能用was 2 与将来事实相反 对将来的虚拟 从句谓语 主句谓语 1 If it were Sunday tomorrow I should go to see a film 2 If he should have time next Sunday he would go to visit the Great Wall 3 If
3、 I were to be twenty next year I could take the course 1 一般过去时 would should could might 动词原形 2 should 动词原形 3 were to 动词原形 1 If he in a day or two I would wait for him A returns B should have returned C were to return D had returned 2 I don t think he will attend the party But if he the party what wo
4、uld he wear A should attend B would attend C attend D had attended C A 3 与过去事实相反 对过去的虚拟 从句谓语 主句谓语 If he had come earlier yesterday he would have seen her 过去完成时即had 动词的过去分词 would should could might have 动词的过去分词 1 If you the doctor s advice you would have recovered already A followed B would follow C
5、follow D had followed 2 I didn t know Smith was coming until now If you had let me know yesterday I to the airport to meet him A would have gone B would go C will have gone D will go D A 注意 if虚拟条件句的倒装和省略 当从句中有 were had 或 should 时 可省略if 把它们放在句 首 1 If I were a teacher I would have lots of students I a
6、 teacher I would have lots of students 2 If I had entered rui an high school I would not sit here now entered rui an high school I would not sit here now 3 If we should visit Zhejiang University tomorrow I would play basketball there visit Zhejiang University tomorrow I would play basketball there W
7、ere Had I Should we 二 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1 wish 宾语从句 1 I wish I were a doctor 2 I wish I should go abroad next year 3 I wish I had seen the football match 与现在事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时 与将来事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用would could might 动词原形 与过去事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成 时 注意1 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从 句包括主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气 从句中的动词形式一 样 即
8、 should v order command advice suggestion proposal demand requirement request desire My demand is that she come to see me once a week All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory close down should come should be closed down 2 suggest等动词 宾语从句 在宾语从句中 谓 语动词用should 动词原形 should可省略 这类动词有 insist
9、order command advise suggest propose demand require request desire 即 一个坚持 两个命令 三个建议 四个要求 Practice 我们建议汤姆去休息一下 We suggested that 他坚决要求我向他道歉 He insisted that Tom should have a rest I should apologize to him 坚持要某人做某事 注意2 insist suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟 语气的情况 1 she insisted that she was right 2 The look on hi
10、s face suggested that he was unhappy 当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点 坚持认为 时 后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气 当suggest的意思是暗示 表明时 后接的宾语从 句不能用虚拟语气 I would rather you pay me now I would rather you also go yesterday Don t come I would rather you come tomorrow 3 would rather 宾语从句 表示现在或将来的情况 谓语动词用一般过去式 表示过去的情况 谓语动词用过去完成时 paid came had
11、 gone 根据汉语意思补全下列句子 每空一词 1 如果我带钱了 我就会借给你一些 2 If I had money with me I 3 2 如果他听我的劝告的话 就不会犯这样的错了 4 If he he would not have made such a mistake 5 3 如果下周日大雪 我们就不去滑冰了 6 If there a heavy snow next Sunday we 7 4 如果贝蒂知道你的地址 她早就给你写信了 8 Betty your address she would have written to you 9 5 如果我还年轻 我会努力学习取得学位 10
12、I would study hard to get a degree would lend yousome hadtakenmyadvice were wouldnotgoskating Had known Were I young 三 虚拟语气在as if as though引导的 方式状语从句的应用 He behaves as if he own the house 从句表示的情况 从句谓语动词谓语动词 形式 与现现在事实实相反 一般过过去时时 与过过去事实实相反 过过去完成时时 had 过过去分词词 owned 1 She loves the baby as if it be her o
13、wn son 2 I remember the whole thing as if it happen yesterday were had happened even if even though 即使 Even if he were here he could not solve the problem Even if I had been busy then I would have helped you 1 It s high time that 该是做 的时候了 should v 过去时 你该走了 我们该去睡觉了 It s time that you went It s time t
14、hat you should go It s time that we went to bed It s time that we should go to bed should不可省略 四 特殊句型的虚拟语气 2 It s necessary strange natural important impossible a pity that从句 从句中的动词要用虚拟 即 should 动 词原形 l It is important that we master a foreign language l It is strange that she refuse to come to the p
15、arty l It s necessary that we study hard lIt s a pity that you miss a good chance should master should refuse should study should miss 3 If only 引导的感叹句 要是 该有多好啊 对现在的虚拟 用过去式 对过去的虚拟 用过去完成时 翻译 要是我知道答案就好了 If only I knew the answer 要是我没错过火车就好了 If only I hadn t missed the train 五 难点 特殊虚拟条件句 1 错综时间条件句 主句的谓
16、语和条件从句 的谓语表示的动作在时间上不一致 这时 主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不 同而不同 这叫做 If you ask him yesterday you know what to do now If the staff be more careful the mall not be on fire now 例句中从句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事 实 相反 混合条件句 had asked would know had been would not be 2 含蓄条件句 条件从句不表示出来 而 是暗含在上下文或短语中 如介词 without或but for 要不是 引导的短语 代替if引导的虚拟条件句 Without water If there were no water fish could not live 对现在的虚拟 用 would should could might V原 But for your help If you had not helped me I would have failed 对过去的虚拟 用 would should could might
