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1、此文档是毕业设计外文翻译成品（ 含英文原文+中文翻译），无需调整复杂的格式！下载之后直接可用，方便快捷！本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱！一辈子也就一次的事！外文标题：An Evaluation of a Safety Education Program for Kindergarten and Elementary School Children外文作者：Joseph W. Luria, MD; Gary A. Smith, MD, DrPh; Jennifer I. Chapman, MD文献出处: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2018;154:227-231 (如觉得年
2、份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)英文4133单词，25602字符(字符就是印刷符)，中文6505汉字。（如果字数多了，可自行删减，大多数学校都是要求选取外文的一部分内容进行翻译的。）An Evaluation of a Safety Education Program for Kindergarten and Elementary School ChildrenObjective: To determine the effectiveness of a safety education program, Safety City, that is designed to teach
3、 kindergarten and first grade children how to cross the street, call 911 in an emergency, and avoid strangers.Participants/Setting: Kindergarten students at 10 urban elementary schools.Design: Each school was randomized to either the intervention or control group. An evaluation tool was ad- minister
4、ed to all participants as a pretest. The Safety City program was then presented to the intervention schools. Afterward, the same evaluation tool was used as a post- test. The post-test was administered to the intervention group 6 months after the Safety City program was presented. The control group
5、took the post-test 6 months after the pretest.Main Outcome Measure: Change in individual test scores.Results: One hundred eighty-one children completed the pretest and post-test evaluations. There was no statistical difference in the change between pretest and post- test scores of children who parti
6、cipated in the Safety City program and those in the control group (crossing the street, P = .29; calling 911, P = .41; stranger avoidance, P = .57).Conclusions: Exposure to the Safety City program did not achieve the desired changes in safety knowledge among participants. This is most likely owing t
7、o the fact that Safety City attempts to convey a large amount of relatively complex information to young children in a brief period. We conclude that programs such as Safety City are not sufficient to teach children these behaviors. This report also emphasizes the importance of building an evaluatio
8、n component into educational programs.In 1989, the American Red Cross of Greater Columbus (Columbus, Ohio) initiated the Safety City program. Safety City is a half-day course designed to teach kindergarten and elementary school children basic rules regarding several safety issues. Individual schools
9、 invite the Red Cross of Greater Columbus to present the Safety City program to their students. Kindergarteners and first graders receive education on how to cross the street, avoid strangers, and call 911 in an emergency. Second and third graders are taught fire and electrical safety as well as gun
10、 avoidance.During the Safety City program, participants are divided into groups of 25 to 30 students. These groups rotate between the topics just described. Approximately 20 minutes is devoted to each topic. Individual sessions consist of a lecture during which the teacher reviews the main learning
11、objectives (Table 1). After- ward, there is a practice session or game that reinforces these objectives. For in- stance, students practice crossing the street at a mock intersection that includes a working traffic light, crossing signal, and street. A board game is used to reinforce the stranger avo
12、idance curriculum, and students pretend to dial 911 using a fake telephone with one of the instructors serving as the operator. At the end of the pro- gram, students are given coloring books and are treated to a rock concert given by Safety City instructors. The coloring book and lyrics to the music
13、 reinforce Safety City teaching objectives. Every year, more than 20 000 Columbus-area children participate in the Safety City program. Volunteers from local fire departments, police departments, high schools, the electric company, and a television station provide the instructors for Safety City. Th
14、e program receives fund- ing from corporate sponsors.Representatives from the American Red Cross of Greater Columbus approached the authors to help them formally evaluate the kindergarten and first grade curriculum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to the Safety City curri
15、culum had an effect on the participants knowledge of these safety behaviors. While Safety City is unique to the Columbus area, there are many similar programs and curricula designed to teach children these skills. To our knowledge, few have been formally evaluated. This study addresses this importan
16、t need.Results:One hundred twenty-four controls and 122 intervention subjects were initially enrolled in the evaluation. Ninety children in the experimental group and 91 control subjects completed the post-test evaluation. Drop- out rates in each group were due to individual subjects being absent the day of the post-testing or having transferred to another school. Only the data for subjects completing both the pretesting and post-testing were
