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1、Period Two Word Power Grammar and Usage 高中英语 选修10 译林版 Words 1 n 笔友 2 vt n 要求 请求 Phrases 1 如此 以便于 2 无论何时 一直 3 犯 罪 pen friend request so as to at all times be guilty of 英语有不同的类型 应用不同类型的英语要求取决于不 同的情形 最重要的区别是英语的书面语和口语之分 而书 面语和口语中又有正式语和非正式语之分 1 正式语一般用于以下情况 书面语中的论文 报告 申请信等 口语中的演讲 与 陌生人谈话等 2 非正式语一般用于下列情况 书
2、面语中包括写给家人及朋友的信件 电子邮件 短信 等 口语中包括与熟人谈话等 一 正式英语与非正式英语 3 正式英语中常用复杂的句型结构也包括被动语态和从 句等 正式语中还多用抽象名词 如 So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems 他如此聪明以至于能解答所有困难的题目 What should be done today has been done 今天该做的都做完了 4 非正式英语中主要用简单句 主动结构 通俗语以及 缩写语等 如 He doesn t like the f
3、irst He likes the third 他不喜欢第一个 喜欢第三个 Have an aim in life or your energies will all be wasted 生活中要有目标 要不然你的精力就白白浪费 二 正式语和非正式语的表达形式 1 状语 1 时间 原因和条件状语可以用非谓语动词的形式 也可 以用状语从句的形式 一般地说 非谓语动词形式比状语 从句形式正式 As he was a farmer he had to get up early If weather permits we shall go 2 方式和程度状语可用介词短语 也可以用副词表示 一 般说 介
4、词短语比副词正式 He spoke confidently Being Weather permitting in a confident way with confidence 3 英语中用一些副词有两种形式 一种是 ly形式 一种是 同形容词的形式相同 一般说 前者比后者正式 He read loud I guessed right 4 让步状语从句 how who when what ever 的形式比 no matter how who when what 的形式正式 No matter who he is I won t see him loudly rightly Whoever
5、2 代词 关系代词 1 定语从句中作宾语的关系词 whom 比 who 正式 Who are you waiting for He is the person who I met the other day 2 在定语从句中作主语和宾语的关系词 Who whom and which 比 that 正式 He is the person that is well known here This is the book that I bought yesterday 3 指时间和地点的从句 prep which 比 when and where 从句正式 This is the place whe
6、re I worked Whom whom who which in which 人称代词 1 通常在比较级中主格比宾格正式 He is taller than me Who is there It is me 2 在动名词前 所属格比主格正式 Do you mind me smoking 3 单数人称代词比复数正式 Everyone should do their duty Give us a kiss darling Everyone thinks they know the answer I I my his me he knows 4 指作者本人用 we 比 I 正式 As I sho
7、wed it is not an easy question 5 泛指人时 one 比 you 正式 You never knows what may happen 6 在复合句中 主句和从句中的主语出现名词和代词时 主 句中用名词比用人称代词正式 It took off as soon as the plane had refuelled we One The plane took off as soon as it had refuelled 指示代词 1 当 this 和 that 都是后指时 that 比 this 正式 This is what I thought 2 that th
8、ose 作为先行词比名词正式 Those flowers are better than the flowers we planted last year 3 主谓一致 1 单数比复数正式 None Neither of them have arrived yet 2 复数比单数正式 If I was you I would do that That those which has were Neither his wife nor his child has arrived There is hundreds of people outside 3 和kind连用的名词单数比复数正式 The
9、se kinds of dogs are is easy to train I like most kind of cat cats 4 倒装句比不倒装句正式 If I had known it I would have told you I have hardly seen this have are This kind of dog Had I known it Hardly have I seen this 5 不省略的形式比省略的形式正式 I know he is a famous writer He is a person I have known for several years
10、 I spent all the week writing my paper 6 介词前提比介词结尾的句子正式 He is a person whom we can rely on What did he write it with that whom on whom we can rely With what did he write it in 7 情态动词 1 用于请求时 may 比 can 正式 Can I use your bike 2 用于请求时 would 和 could 比 will 和 can 正式 Would Could Will Can you like to give
11、a speech 8 泛指时定冠词比名词复数正式 Horses are very useful animals May The horse is a very useful animal 9 从句比不定式的形式正式 It is important for us to do it He seems to be a teacher 10 其他的一些句子 下划线是正式的形式 1 Come early and you will see him 2 I shall try to do it 3 He is too young to dress himself that we should do it I
12、t seems that he is a teacher If you come early you will see him I shall try and do it He is so young that he can not dress himself 4 It is such a beautiful city 5 Have you not heard the news 6 I hear the news I m surprised to hear the news 7 We are starting for Beijing tonight 8 First we must consid
13、er this thoroughly 9 I go to see my old friend now and then 10 I am therefore unable to help you It is so beautiful a city Haven t you heard the news To my surprise We start for Beijing tonight To begin with occasionally hence 11 Incidentally do you know something about this 12 I was ill so I could
14、not come 13 He spoke loudly so that every one could hear him 14 You should work hard even if you have made great progress 15 They asked me if they would come By the way therefore in order that even though whether 即时跟踪 请说出下列哪些短语或语句属于正式英语 哪些属于非正式 英语 A I am sorry to inform you that B passive verb forms
15、 C I am very grateful for D Why don t we E I will not be able to attend the F idioms and slang G contracted verb forms like we ve I m etc H I look forward to hearing from you I short sentences J Dear Tom K Dear Ms Smith L Best wishes M I m really sorry I N Unfortunately we will have to postpone O Our computers are used for a variety 1 Formal English 2 Informal English 答案 1 A B C E H K N O 2 D F G I J L M 再见
