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1、SmartCars Unit2 OralEnglishTopics CarsinModernLifeTips 1 Doyouwanttoownacarinfuture Whatkindofcarwouldyouliketobuy 2 Whatwillthefuturecarsbelike 3 Isitnecessaryforeverybodytohaveacarinchina 4 whatistherelationshipbetweencarsandtheenvironment 1 automobileindustry Theautomobileindustryisoneofthemostim
2、portantindustriesintheworld affectingnotonlyeconomiesbutalsocultures Itprovidesjobsformillionsofpeople generatesbillionsofdollarsinworld widerevenues andprovidesthebasisforamultitudeofrelatedserviceandsupportindustries Automobilesrevolutionizedtransportationinthe20thcentury changingforeverthewaypeop
3、lelive travelanddobusiness Theautomobilehasenabledpeopletotravelandtransportgoodsfartherandfaster andhasopenedwidermarketareasforbusinessandcommerce Theautoindustryhasalsoreducedtheoverallcostoftransportationbyusingmethodssuchasmassproduction makingseveralproductsatonce ratherthanoneatatime massmark
4、eting sellingproductsnationallyandgloballyratherthanlocally andglobalizationofproduction assemblingproductswithpartsmadeworld wide Between1886and1898 about300automobileswerebuilt buttherewasnorealestablishedindustry Acenturylater withautomakersandautobuyersexpandingglobally automakingbecametheworld
5、slargestmanufacturingactivity withmorethan53millionnewvehiclesbuilteachyearworldwide Automobilemanufacturesareamongthelargestcompaniesintheworld Thesecorporationsareoftenmultinational Thesecompaniesoftenshareparts orusepartsmadeinforeignfactories TheU S automobileindustryproduced16 8millionvehiclesi
6、n1999 ThethreemajorautomobilemanufacturesintheUnitedStates GeneralMotorsCorporation FordMotorCompany andDaimlerChryslerAG providethree fourthsoftheindustry stotaldirectemploymentintheUnitedState Atthestartofthe21stcentury thetrendsofglobaltradeandmanufacturingflexibilitycontinue Computerizationconti
7、nuestobeamajorpartofautodesignandmanufacture asdothesearchforalternativefuelsandmoreefficientautomobiledesigns 2 GlobalPositioningSystem GPS space basedradio navigationsystem consistingof24satellitesandgroundsupport GPSprovidesuserswithaccurateinformationabouttheirpositionandvelocity aswellasthetime
8、 anywhereintheworldandinallweatherconditions GPSdetermineslocationbycomputingthedifferencebetweenthetimethatasignalissentandthetimeitisreceived GPSsatellitescarryatomicclocksthatprovideextremelyaccuratetime Thetimeinformationisplacedinthecodesbroadcastbythesatellite sothatareceivercancontinuouslydet
9、erminethetimethesignalwasbroadcast Thesignalcontainsdatathatareceiverusestocomputethelocationstoofthesatellitesandtomakeorderadjustmentsneededforaccuratepositioning Thereceiverusesthetimedifferencebetweenthetimeofsignalreceptionandthebroadcasttimetocomputethedistance orrange fromthereceivertothesate
10、llite Thereceivermustaccountforpropagationdelays ordecreasesinthesignal sspeedcausedbytheionosphereandthetroposphere Withinformationabouttherangestothreesatellitesandthelocationofthesatellitewhenthesignalwassent thereceivercancomputeitsownthree dimensionalposition AsofMarch1994 24GPSsatelliteswerein
11、operation Replenishmentsatellitesarereadyforlaunch andcontractshavebeenawardedtoprovidesatellitesintothe21stcentury GPSapplicationscontinuetogrowinland sea air andspacenavigation TheabilitytoenhancesafetyandtodecreasefuelconsumptionwillmakeGPSanimportantcomponentoftravelintheinternationalairspacesys
12、tem AirplaneswilluseGPSforlandingatfogboundairports AutomobileswilluseGPSaspartofintelligenttransportationsystems EmergingtechnologieswillenableGPStodeterminenotonlythepositionofavehiclebutalsoitsaltitude 3 IntelligentTransportationSystem ITS advancedelectronics communications andcomputersystemsthat
13、increasetheefficiencyandsafetyofhighwaytransportation OriginallyknownasIntelligentVehicle HighwaySystem IVHS thesetechnologiescanprovidereal timeinformationexchangebetweendriversandroads givingrisetotheterms smartcars and smarthighways Asthetechnologieshaveexpandedtoincludepublictransportationandcom
14、mercialvehicles thisrangeoftechnologieshasbecomeknownastheIntelligentTransportationSystem Increasingly driverswillhaveaccesstoup to the minuteinformationontrafficconditions alternateroutes anddirectionstounfamiliardestinations Ultimately vehiclescontrolmaybeautomated Smartcars Whatisasmartcar 智能车 是一
15、种基于高科技的车型 在装备各种电脑系统和辅助设备之后 它能自动的完成或协助驾驶人完成特定的任务 如泊车 驾驶 调整速度 方向等 目前许多国家和公司都有研发并生产了一些不同型号与功能的智能车 下面将简要介绍两种智能车 图 Carinthefuture 美研类007电影中的智能车性能 汽车的电动门可以对周边人群放出电击式撞击 汽车顶端的有几个喷嘴 作用是在城市战中向对方放射摧泪瓦斯 更令人吃惊的是 汽车顶端还装备了外表像警灯一样的激光枪 360度视野的摄像机可以追踪任意角度的攻击者 为了保护士兵 汽车采用了近似黑色的防弹玻璃 为了不让汽车落入敌方之手 智能汽车还使用了指纹识别系统 photo 清华
16、大学智能技术与国家重点实验室研制成功的 清华智能车 中央电视台在报道中介绍 清华研究的这辆汽车最高时速达到150公里 完全是由智能控制的 智能车通过车顶的摄像头拍摄前方的路况图像 并传入车内的电脑中 通过计算机软件指挥方向盘的运动 从而实现道路避障 道路停障以及遥控驾驶 为了实现这些功能 这辆车配备了先进的GPS互补定位系统和激光雷达测障系统 专家说 这辆车的一些关键技术 如 定位系统 多种传感器信息处理 投入到实际应用 可以使汽车夜间行驶和巡逻监视等方面带来很多方便 photo more 今天 未来汽车的影子已经可在某些新款车展上初见端倪 关注一下当今一些车展上展示出的新款车型 如本田公司生产的一款装有照相机的日本版雅阁汽车 其优异的功能就可以帮助驾驶者在偏离车道时自动修正路线 再如即将推出的2005款AcuraRL车也装有全新的全球定位系统 除能为驾驶者指引方向外 还实时提供交通状况报告 此外 日本款威驰普锐斯车上还装有自动泊车系统 可以通过激光设备引导驾车人进入停车位 有报道说 2005年底 一款新型18 wheelers重型车还将装配一种眼球扫描系统 该系统可通过记录驾车人眨眼
