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1、. . . .实现改善的六个步骤 Learning to Think Lean: Six Steps with R实现改善的六个步骤 Learning to Think Lean: Six Steps with Review PointsOrganizations can profit from learning to think in terms of Lean, a philosophy that aims to eliminate waste (inJapan, where Lean was developed, the term is muda). Lean attacks waste
2、mainly by shortening the time between the customer order and shipment. Based on a customer-focused view, sixstepscan provide a strong foundation for any organization that wants to incorporate Lean into its operating philosophy. These steps in Lean thinking can be best evaluated at the producer end b
3、y verifying and reviewing each step one at a time.很多组织都可以得益于LEAN的实施,这种方法可以减少浪费.LEAN控制浪费的主要途径是缩短从客户下订单到运达客户的时间.根据以客户为中心的原则,以下六个步骤可以最大限度读地帮助组织或公司应用LEAN的原理.这六个步骤可以根据需要定期进行实施效果的检验.1.Value 价值2.Value Stream 价值细化3.Flow 流程4.Pull 推动5.Perfection 完善6.Replication 重复Lean thinking can best start by giving due con
4、sideration to value, which ultimately is the customers requirement. The value of any product (goods or services) is defined by customer needs and not by any non-value-added activity at the supplier or producer end. That is, the customer is prepared to pay for operations by producers or their supplie
5、rs that transform the product in a way that is meaningful to the customer. Customers do not want to pay for waste at the producer end.推动LEAN的关键是改变对价值的看法,要从客户的角度理解一切问题.任何产品的价值无论是物品还是服务都必须是客户认可的,生产供应方要避免一切没有价值的行为.客户只希望为自己需要的有意义的产品付钱,客户的钱不会花在生产者的浪费上.1. Value (Specifying)价值的定义Value is determined by the
6、customers who want to buy the right product with the right capabilities at the right price. That is, the product must be right every time from design to manufacture, from delivery to error-free operation. Lean companies work on making their processes right by eliminating waste something no customer
7、wants to pay for.价值是由客户决定的,客户愿意付钱购买物美价廉的东西.这些产品必须随时都满足客户,无论是设计还是制做,从安装到使用.应用LEAN的公司是通过流程来控制浪费,以此来避免给客户带来损失.While linking the term value generally with customer requirements, the following questions can be asked to review the value for the customer as it relates to any specific product issue:当我们在考虑给客
8、户带来的价值时,可以通过以下内容来特化价值的涵义. What is the problem that impacts the customer? 会给客户带来什么样的损失? What is the problem that the team is going to take action on? 我们在采取什么措施来克服这种损失? Why is the project so important that the organization should address it? 公司为什么要强调该项目的重要性? Why is the project being done? 为什么要完成该项目? D
9、o all the stakeholders understand and agree to the problem and its impact on business? Do they all agree that fixing it is critical for the business? Do they all support the project? 是不是所有的股东都认识到该问题会给业务带来损失?他们都明白处理该问题的重要性吗?他们支持吗? Are the roles and responsibilities of the project team members clearly
10、 defined? 项目小组的责任和义务规定清楚了吗? Are the needs of the customers clearly identified? 客户需求搞清楚了吗? Whats in it for the customers? How do they benefit? 给客户带来的直接利益是什么? Whats in it for the business? How does the business benefit? 给公司业务带来的直接利益是什么? Were the key parameters or the most important thing to be fixed i
11、dentified? 辨别改善的标准是什么? Does everyone describe what will be measured in the same way? 所有人都知道衡量改善的标准吗? Can the primary metric be manipulated? How does it drive the right behavior? 以前是怎样测量成败的指标的? What can go worse as a result of the project? 项目失败的潜在因素是什么? Where does the problem occur? Did the team iden
12、tify it correctly? Did the team work on this particular issue to completion? 问题发生在哪里?如何发现的?项目小组的人员纠正那些问题了吗? What does success look like? How will success be quantified? 项目成功的标准是什么?怎样量化?2. Value Stream Mapping (Identifying)价值链的描述Once value is specified by the customers, the next Lean step is to ident
13、ify the right process a process that only adds value to the product, in other words, a waste-free process. The value stream for a product has three categories of activities:一旦客户认可了我们产品的价值,下一步就是要设计正确的流程.该流程只能给产品带来价值,或者说该流程应该是天衣无缝的.产品价值的实现一般有三个主要特征.1.Process steps that definitely create value: In any
14、manufacturing process, the steps that are actually transforming the fit, form or function of the raw material, and bring it a step closer to the finished product.可以实现价值的流程步骤,任何制造流程都是为原材料转化成为终端成品而度身定做的.2.Process steps that create no value but are necessary, due to current state of the system: In any
15、manufacturing process, activities like inspection, waiting and some transportation steps. 没有直接价值但是必须的流程步骤,其存在是由于现有工艺或系统的限制:在任何制造流程中的一些动作,比如质量检验,等候,运输等步骤.3.Process steps that create no value and can be eliminated: Any activity that does not fall into the above two categories.While the parts of a proc
16、ess that create no value should be eliminated, any action or activity that is recognized as non-value-added but currently necessary should be targeted for improvement. At this point a detailed process flow diagram should be generated for each product or product category. To ascertain which steps in the process ar
