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1、第一篇：国际学术会议发言稿 1. prologue thank you, mr. chairman, for your gracious introduction. i am honored to have the chance to address you on this special occasion. the topic of my paper is “transaction cost and farmers choice of agricultural products selling”. the outline of my talk as follows. the first pa
2、rt i want to introduce the background of this research. the second part suggests a simple household choice model .the third part covers the data used in this research. and then, we introduce the empirical results. finally, a simple conclusion is given. 2. introduction well, lets move on the first pa
3、rt of this topic .the motivation of this work like this. institutional economics posits that agents making decisions on different types of transactions do so in a costly way .for example , farmers deciding sell a particular crop to whom base their decisions not only on the price they expect to recei
4、ve in each market choice but also on additional costs related to transacting in these markets. i want to use a picture to illustrate it. for example, given some market channels, farmers choices can be regarded as equilibrium between the surplus and the additional costs that related to transacting .e
5、specially in developing countries, high-value crop producers fully participate in the market and the transaction cost has been the hard constraint to farmers. furthermore, farmers market choices can be taken as a choice dilemma of transaction cost and production surplus. consequently, the scientific
6、 question of this research is how transaction cost affects planters choices. 3. methodology lets move to the theoretical model of our research. consider a household model in one rotation. in stage 1 , famer needs to allocate the input factors .this process can qbe set into a function like this q? ?
7、q( p , w , z ? ) , q means the output farmers decide qto produce .p implies the output price w implies input price and.z: ? is fixed input. once produce what and produce how many are decided, next question to be considered is how much products to be transacted in market. here we use three cc()c mean
8、s how functions to describe this question. the first equation, c ? ?p , z ? much agricultural products used by famers themselves. p implies the price the cagricultural product,z ?suggests the fluctuation of c. the second equation q ? ? q ? ?c?, q means the amount of agricultural products transacted
9、in q?n?market. the third equationi ? q ?implies the amount exchanged in nth time. in stage 3, farmers will decide to sell the products to whom. chanel js market price is bdecided by an exogenesis price and farmers negotiating power.pij?p* j?b(qi,zi)besides this, we use a matrix to show the net profi
10、t of chanel jx ik? ik, ? ? ik ? and then farmers choice can be expressed in a typical choice model exp(xij?)pr(ji?j|xik)?1 exp(xij?)? k?1 based on the choice model, another important concept is famers channel choice .here, we set five types .they rank by the market barriers. accordingly, we set a gr
11、oup discrete number to express them. y: dependent variable y=5,means farmer choose brokers. y=1, farmers sell products to consumers directly. 4. data and estimation procedures here, we illustrate the data distribution with this map. according to the agr(来源 好范文网WWW.hAoWord.Com)icultural regionalizati
12、on from department of agriculture, the apple specialization areas in china contain two parts: bo sea area and loess plateau. bo sea area in red color, contains hebei, shandong and liaoning 3 provinces. and loess plateau in green color, contains shanxi, henan, shaanxi and gansu 4 provinces. firstly,
13、we use pps method to get the first stage sampling unit 14 counties in 7 provinces. then use random sample method to get village and household. they are our sample distribution. 5. empirical results 6. conclusions 第二篇：英文学术会议主持人发言稿 good morning,ladies and gentleman.welcome to harbin,a beautiful northl
14、and ice city of china.im abc,from school of economics and management of hit.its a very very great pleasure to participate in the 5th international finance conference as the chairman,its my first time to do so.and i really really enjoy being stay here with you this morning.the international finance c
15、onference has been held 4th times by cfa institute since 1998. the purpose of the conference is to share our experiences and knowledge in regard to the theory, frontier developments and reaserches, as well as possible applications of them in solving practical problems a lot of current issues have been discussed,and some of them have been effectively soluted. today,as the first time of the conference debut in this city,well have a unique session.the topic of prepar
