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1、 . . . .名词、代词1、 考点、热点回顾(一) 名词1. 名词的数(1) 可数名词 一般是个体名词,如a boy(一个男孩),集体名词a family(一个家庭),可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾,头就是a,one,an或物主代词;尾就是复数形式。规则复数变化形式: 情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音或原音后读/z/bookbookskeykeys以o结尾的表示有生命的名词加-es读/z/tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/busbuseswatchwatchesboxboxes以ce,se,z
2、e,(d)ge等结尾的名词加-s读/iz/casecasesorangeoranges以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变y为i,再加-es读/z/familyfamiliespartyparties以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v,再加-es读/z/knifeknivesleafleaves 不规则复数变化形式:变内部元音字母foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth- teeth, man-men词尾加enchild-children, ox-oxen单复数同形fish, sheep, deer, means, Chinese, yuan, jin, li特殊的复数形式:1)集
3、体名词:集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体”。the police警察(指全体警察) the English英国人(指全体英国人)the French法国人(指全体法国人) 2)复合名词a woman teacherwomen teachers女教师 an EnglishmanEnglishmen英国男子a grown-upgrown-ups成人 a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯(2) 不可数名词 专有名词:NBA全美篮球协会 Michael Jackson 迈克杰克逊
4、 the West Lake西湖物质名词:液体:milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)肉类:beef chicken mutton pork天气:weather rain snow wind light 光其他:news(新闻,消息) bread(面包)抽象名词:fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式,但表达不同意义。tea different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶food 食品 all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品fruit 水
5、果 all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果glass 玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯 glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯【名词的格】1)表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。一般在单数或复数名词后加s。如:Toms chair; the childrens bedroom以s结尾的复数名词后直接加“”。如:the students reading room并列名词 表示各自所属时,在两个名词之后都加s;w表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加s。如:Tom and Mikes father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲) Toms and Mikes fathers 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲
6、(俩人各自的父亲)表示店铺,某人的家,私人开的诊所、餐馆等,其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。如: at Toms 在汤姆家里 at the tailors在裁缝店 at a chemists在药店 2)表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格,常常用“of+名词”的形式。如:the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福注意:表示有生命东西的名词,如果名词较长或名词的定语较长也可用“of+名词”的形式。如:the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun the founding of the
7、 Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国的成立表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词,可用s。如:yesterdays newspaper昨天的报纸 five minutes drive开车五分钟的路程of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。如: a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指 某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换s结构。如: teachers office 教师办公室 childrens book 儿童读物(二) 代词:英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代
8、词、不定代词。人称代词:人 称单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem通 称oneones物主代词:人 称单 数复 数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称his her itshis hers itstheirtheirs通 称ones反身代词:人 称单 数复 数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves通
9、称oneself不定代词:常见的有some,any,all,none,both,either,either,each, other,another,much,many,few,little,one等指示代词:this,that,these,thoseWhowhomwhosewhichwhat谁(主格) 谁(宾格)谁的哪个,哪些什么疑问代词:2、 典型例题( )1. How many _ were lost in the fire!Alife Blives Clifes( )2. We will have a _ holiday, What about going to West Lake?At
10、wo dayBtwo-day Ctwo-daysDtwo days( )3. I have _ to do this evening.Aa lot of works Bmany work Ca lot of workDsome works( )4.There is good_ for you. Ive found your lost watch. A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts( )5.My uncle will come to my house for dinnerI want to buy some _to make a vegetable
11、 salad for him Ameat Btomatoes Capple juice( )6.The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers ( )7. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ( )8 exciting news! We wil
12、l have long holiday after the exam. A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ( )9. Miss Brown will teach _ English next term. A. us B. we C. our D. ours( )10._ are League members. A. He and me B. I and he C. He and I D. Me and he( )11.We are in a hurry, so we cant look after _. A. they B. their C. theirs D. them( )12.“Look at that bike,” he said to his brother. “Isnt it one of _?” A. ours B. ours C. ours D. our( )13. Would you please give _? A him it B it him C to him it D it to him( )14. She always thinks of _ more than