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1、1SN 213(2002M): 269 282Studies in theH istory of N aturalS ciences V ol. 21N o. 3 (2002)Z%r*钟鸣旦(1HZvq)K1文章是对人身图说的初步研究。人身图说 (人体的图解)是一部 17世纪早期的手稿本, 收藏于北京大学图书馆, 且能被证实为昂布鲁瓦兹帕雷 (Ambro ise Par, 约 1510 1590) 解剖学 的翻译本。这一事实能够证明: 耶稣会士并没有为了传播其信仰而在科学知识中加入宗教内容, 他们传播的是一个业已整合了这些领域的完整体系。中国人对这本著作的接受是有限的, 可能与解剖学当时在欧洲
2、的科学分类中是“理论知识”这一事实有关。然而, 罗聘 (Luo Ping, 1733 1799)的画里出现了维萨留斯和帕雷著作插图中的骨骼。通过把它转变为奇怪的鬼怪和幽灵世界, 从而, 他将西方医学重植于一个新的宗教环境。1oM 人身图说 昂布鲁瓦兹帕雷 解剖学ms|: R-09DSMAcI| 1000-0224(2002)03-0269-1417WB5D。TB5lD,B&m。lvm6,?LZ%(Am broise Par,1510 1590)18TJr。#TZ%ESB)SD3,V+,Tl: 2002-01-31;: 2002-04-22Te:(N icolas S tandaert, 195
3、9 ),1H,1HZvqq,1b。*C8。S|/KP(182721SN 2110&mBNF Chinois 5130,7nBNF Ch inois 5131、 5132(nd )。m9nP ierreHuardW ongM ing, Lam decine chinoise, Paris: Hachette, 1967, pp. 120 121N()r: Ch ineseM esicne, L ondon: W eidenfeld& N icholson, 1968。Sa1.D4sci)&m。m1 -jmm28-jmm:m2am2bWs)+ijEC( m:m3am3b)7/。DmBtmAM。LD
4、18,7D1。6BMB8C8H m(m1c)Fh?;3$39(m2b)273 3:Z%rm3 jmm4l()(m2c) 。9is。M?(1m1am1b)v(1m3a*)mh。Vi16W17WM1m YV“” ( in action)。 (9Vim1am1b)。7,V4A,K1M()%$()$8m9。=m,2741SN 21 B3,7mCt3,7O ?Vmw(m1cm3b)。+m=24$*tmH882mk(m4am4b)。m_,7-%T。&mTr=H=。VYV0F:B#ns;6Bs,1。1H,S1Sr12。心,灵魂之宅也。生活之德,及其管路所由来,为生命之始,生活德所发之本,及生活热所发之源。故
5、最初生极终死心之体。 (p. 5a)Cor anim ae dom icilium, vitalis facultatis o rganum, vitae principium, spirituumv italium fons, calorisq. , adeo v italis scaturigo, prim um vivens & postremumm oriens, (p. 85)TheH eart the chiefem ansion of the Soule, the organe of the vitall faculty, thebeg inning of life, the f
6、ountaine of the vitallspirits, & so consequently the continuallnourisher of the vitale heate, the first living and the last dying, (p. 144)论脐带脐带色白如三转结之状为渐消化母补养之血以养其胎体其发之根以软肉涌长而行至胎体下腹中或云胎身体之中即人身初生之根夫胎居子宫以脐络吸取母血有如树木以根吸取土湿其粗细如人之小指其长短如胎子脚板之六环绕中身及脑胪臂腿以二脉络一血络二细膜结成以多厚血络脉络之积聚如脑上之多筋络血络也夫血络由脐上进于肝 空处即进通肝内复分为二肢
7、一曰大血络口一曰周身大血络以其络又自脐分而下行至丹田下发成依利亚加及他脉络带生活之德以分散于胎之全体前所云二膜者于外膜发乃单以二膜凑合成胎外皮及内膜之全体夫自始胚以至结胎即发脐络吸取母血以养之复结胞衣以护之于是五官百骸具乃脱胎而成孩渐长而壮而老其间凡衣食居处就善避恶何莫非造物大主之恩哉(pp. 56a b)Umbilicus has tunicas sequitur. E st autem corpus album, funis intortiFrancis-canorum instar habens, nisiquod nodos non habet adeo ex trorsum prom
8、 inentes, sedcertis tantum locis tum entes, ad sim ilitudinem m odi, ex altera tantum parte eati, nul-lo praeterea intertex tu reuincti: Oritur, incip itq; mole carnea, quam tum entiumcotyledonum nom ine expressim us, peritq; inmed ium foetus, inferiorem ventrem, imin totiuscorporismed ium, cuius pr
9、oinded icitur esse radix.N am quem admod-um arbor per rad icem, succum terra sugit, sic foetus in utero, per um-bilicum alimentum capescit. M agnitudo eiusaequat in crassitie latitudine275 3:Z%r112 TheWorks of thatfamous chirurgion AmbroiseParey, Translated outof Latineand Compared with theFrenchby
10、Th. Johnson, L ondon: T h. Cotes, 1634.Tresaurus chirurg iae, Continens praestantissimorum, V tpote AmbrosiiPareiP arisiensis, , F rankfort: N icolaiHoffm anni, 1610.TheN avell fo llow es these coates; It isa whitebody som ew hat resem bling thew reathen co rd, or g irdle of theF ranciscan F riars,
11、but that it hath no t the knotsstanding so farre out, butonely sw elling in certain places, resem bling a kno t, onelylifted up on one side; itarisesand takes itsoriginall from a f leshiemassew hich w eexpressed by the nam e of sw ellingCotyledones, and goes into themidst of the lowerbelly of the infant, yea verily into them idstof thewhol
