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1、 英语语法专题突破 特殊句式 感叹句 祈使句 比较句 语法专题突破 特殊句式 感叹句 祈使句 比较级 感叹句是英语的一种重要的句型，用来表示人的强烈感情。一般说来，感叹句是由what或how引导，句末用感叹号，朗读时用降调。它有两个类型，七种句式。一、用what引导的感叹句有三种句式，此时，what为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组。1. What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!例如：She is a very lovely girl! What a lovely girl she is! (陈述句中的程度副词very, quite, really, so 要省略)W
2、hat a nice day it is!多么好的天气啊!What an interesting book that is!那是一本多么有趣的书啊!2. What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+主语+谓语!例如：She bought useful books yesterday. What useful books she bought!What beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花啊!What good teachers they are!他们是多么好的老师啊!3. What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!例如：The fried rice tastes quit
3、e delicious. What delicious fried rice it tastes! (陈述句中的程度副词quite要省略)What fine weather it is! (= How fine the weather is !)多好的天气!二、用how引导的感叹句有四种句式，此时，how是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。4. How +形容词+主语+谓语!例如：She is a very lovely girl! How lovely a girl she is!(陈述句中的程度副词really 要省略)Maria is very beautiful. How
4、beautiful Maria is! (陈述句中的程度副词very要省略)How hot it is today!今天天气真热啊!How beautiful the flowers are!这些花多么美丽啊!5. How+副词+主语+谓语!例如：Jim rums quiet fast. How fast Jim runs! (陈述句中的程度副词very要省略)How fast he runs!他跑得多快啊!How hard they work!他们工作多么努力啊!6. How+主语+谓语!例如：How time flies!光阴似箭!How she dances!她跳舞跳得多好啊!7. Ho
5、w+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!此句式可与句式1进行转换。例如：She is a very lovely girl! How lovely a girl she is!(陈述句中的程度副词really 要省略)How old a building that is!(=What an old building that is!)那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊!特别提示what或how引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。例如：What a good girl!多好的一个女孩子呀!How cold(it is)!天气多冷呀!祈使句：一.概念：祈使句用以表达命令，要求，
6、请求，劝告等。二.相关知识点精讲1.祈使句有三种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。Take this seat. 坐这儿。Do be careful. 务必小心。否定结构： Dont move. 不准动。Dont be late. 不要迟到。2.以let开头的祈使句Let 的反意疑问句：a. Lets 包括说话者。例如：Lets have another try, shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次，如何?b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如：Let us have another t
7、ry，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次，好吗?否定结构：例如：Lets not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。3.有主语的祈使句我们知道,祈使句的主语通常就是说话的对方,即第二人称you,一般不表示出来,但在有些情况下,祈使句也可带主语。一、为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时。例如:You go with me. 你跟我去。You tell him what I said
8、. 你把我说的话告诉他。You take that seat. 你坐在那个座位上。二、表达气愤;不满;厌烦;急躁等情绪时。例如:You get out of here!你给我滚出这儿!You mind your own business!你少管闲事!You take your hands off me!你把手拿开,别碰我!三、表示对照或区别不同的说话对象时。例如:Helen, you clean the window, and Paul, you sweep the floor. 海伦,你擦窗子;保罗,你扫地。You come here, Jack, and you go there, Mar
9、y. 杰克你到这边来,玛丽你到那边去。You ask the first question and I ask the second one. 你问第一个问题,我问第二个问题。四、当祈使句中有in, out, away, up, off等作状语的副词,强调这些状语而把它们置于句首时。例如:Out you come!你出来! Away you go!你走吧! Up you stand!你站起来!五、祈使句以dont开头,表示关照或警告对方时。例如:Dont you be late again. 你别再迟到了。Dont you ever forget this lesson! 你一定不要忘记了这次
10、教训!六、祈使句的主语也可以是第三人称。例如:Everybody stand up!大家都站起来!Jack stand there. 杰克站到那边去。Someone open the door. 谁去把门打开。There be句型小结本质：There be表示 “存在有”,即当我们告诉某人某事存在(或不存在)常用这种结构。其中there是引导词,本身无词义;be为谓语动词,后面跟的是名词,也就是主语,也就是说there be结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在there be 之后。一、 注意事项：1 there be 结构中的be 是可以运用各种时态的。There is going
11、 to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。2动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be 的单复数形式。如：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。How many people are there in the city?这个城市里有多少人口。There is a
12、 pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。There are some students and a teacher in the classroom. 在教室里有一些学生和一位老师。There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 在教室里有一位老师和一些学生。3 在there be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。There is no time
13、to lose (= to be lost).时间紧迫。There is nothing to see (=to be seen).看不见有什么。There is nothing to do.(=to be done) 无事可做。二、 结构变形：在there be 结构中还可把be 改变从而使得there be结构有了一些改变具体总结如下：1 There used/seem/ happen/appear to be 如：There might be snow at night.晚上可能有雪。There appeared to be nobody willing to help.看来没人愿意帮忙
14、。There used to be a building here.过去这儿有一座楼房。There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有个人在此经过。There doesnt seem to be much hope.好象没有太大的希望。2 在there be的 be 前还可以加上各种情态词，如：There must be something wrong.一定有问题。There ought not to be so many people.不应该有这么多的人。There might still be hope .可能还有点希望。3 在there be句型中的b
15、e还可以换成其他的动词与there连用，这些词都是表示状态的如：live stand exist remain等或用来描写某事的发生或某人的到达如come, appear, enter, follow, occur等。There lived a rich man.这以前住着一个富翁。Then there came a knock at the door.然后有人敲门。Long, long ago, there lived a king.很久很久以前，有一个国王。There followed a terrible noise.然后是传来了可怕的声音。Suddenly there entered a stra
