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1、 完全倒装 完全倒装就是把主语和谓语完全颠倒 1 表示方位或方位的副词或介词短语 如here there now then up down in away off out in the room on the wall等 置 于句首时 完全倒装 Be quick Here comes the bus 快点 公共汽车来了 For a moment nothing happened Then came voices all shouting together 那会儿 什么都没发生 之后大家一起欢呼起来 Out rushed the children 孩子们冲出了教室 注意 上述情况中 若主语是人称
2、代词 则不用倒装 Away they went 他们走了 Over it turns 它翻过来了 2 表语 连系动词 主语 表语可以是 形容词 介词短语 现在 分词 过去分词 Present at the meeting were Professor White Professor Smith and many other guests 出席会议的有怀特教授 史密斯教授还有许多其他客人 3 such be 主语 Such are the facts no one can deny them 这些就是事实 没有人可以否认 Out rushed the children 孩子们冲出了教室 注意 上
3、述情况中 若主语是人称代词 则不用倒装 Away they went 他们走了 Over it turns 它翻过来了 2 表语 连系动词 主语 表语可以是 形容词 介词短语 现在 分词 过去分词 Present at the meeting were Professor White Professor Smith and many other guests 出席会议的有怀特教授 史密斯教授还有许多其他客人 3 such be 主语 Such are the facts no one can deny them 这些就是事实 没有人可以否认 部分倒装 部分倒装部分倒装只是把谓语的一部分提到主语
4、前面 即把谓 语部分的 助动词 情态动词 be动词 提到主语的前面 谓语的其 他部分仍在主语后面 1 So Neither Nor 助动词 情态动词 be动词 主语 表示前一句 中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物 Lily can t play table tennis Neither can I 莉莉不会打乒乓球 我也不会 2 否定副词never nor not hardly little seldom scarcely rarely等 及表否定意义的介词短语at no time in no case under in no circumstances by no means on no con
5、dition等置于句首时 It s nice Never before have I had such a special drink 太好喝了 我以前从未喝过这么特别的饮料 I m glad you like it 我很高兴你喜欢喝 John talked with me for about an hour yesterday Never had I heard him talk so much 约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时 我从未听过他说那么多话 By no means should you lose heart 你决不应该失去信心 3 hardly when scarcely when n
6、o sooner than not only but also 等引导两个分句时 前一个分句用部分倒装 后一个 分句不变 Hardly Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry 他一听到这个消息就哭了 4 not until 直到 才 句型中 not until放在句首 后面的主 句倒装 Not until the teacher came back did he left the classroom 直到老师回来 他才离开教室 5 在so such that 句型中 若so such 提到句首时 So difficult did
7、I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice 我觉得这个问题太难解决了 所以决定向汤姆征求建议 Such great progress did he make that he was praised 他取得了如此大的进步因此受到了表扬 6 当 only 状语 副词 介词短语或从句 置于句首时 Only after my friend came was the computer repaired 只有在我朋友来了之后 电脑才修好 7 用于as引导的让步状语从句中 表语 状语 动词原形 as 主语 Ch
8、ild as he was he made a living by himself 尽管他是个孩子 他却得自己谋生 Try as he would he might fail again 尽管他还会试 但可能还会失败 8 if引导的虚拟条件句中 如果把if省略掉 把从句中的should were had提前 构成倒装 If it should rain tomorrow we wouldn t go camping Should it rain tomorrow we wouldn t go camping 如果明天下雨 我们就不能去露营 If you had come earlier you
9、 would have seen the famous star Had you come earlier you would have seen the famous star 如果你早一点来 就能看到那个明星了 强调句型 1 强调句的基本句型是 It is was 被强调的部分 that who 其 他部分 被强调的部分可以是主语 宾语和状语等 It is only children who make such stupid mistakes 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误 It was because her mother was ill that she didn t come to s
10、chool yesterday 是因为她妈妈病了 她昨天才没来上学的 3 It was not until that 这个句型强调时间状语 It was not until the next day that I learned the truth 直到第二天 我才明白事情的真相 1 在when while whenever till as soon as if unless as if though as等引导的状语从句中 若谓语有be动词 而主语 又与主句主语相同或主语是it时 从句的主语和be常被省略 Unless I am invited I won t go to the party
11、 除非被邀请 否则我是不会去参加那个派对的 When you are working you must pay attention 上班时 你必须全神贯注 Get up early tomorrow if not you don t get up early you will miss the first bus 明天早点起床 如果不的话 你会错过早班车 省略句型 2 不定式省略 单独使用不定式符号to 1 用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词 常在be afraid be glad forget hope intend like love mean prefer refuse seem try
12、want wish等的后边 What s the matter with Della 黛拉出什么事了 Well her parents wouldn t allow her to go to the party but she still hopes to 父母不允许黛拉参加晚会 可她仍然希望参加 Will you join in the game 你愿意一起做游戏吗 I d be glad to 我很乐意 2 如果不定式中含有be have have been 通常保留be have和have been Are you a sailor 你是海员吗 No but I used to be 不
13、 但我过去是 主谓一致 1 就近一致原则 1 由or either or neither nor not only but also 等连接的 并列主语 谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow 你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天召开的会议 Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients 护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼 注意 如果主语后面带有as wel
14、l as as much as no less than along with with like rather than together with but except besides including in addition to等引导的短语时 句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数 Mr Smith together with his wife and daughters is going to visit Beijing this summer 史密斯先生将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京 In my opinion he rather than you is to blame
15、依我看来是他而不是你该受谴责 2 由there here引起的主语不止一个时 谓语通常和最 邻近的主语保持一致 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil box 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔 2 意义一致原则 1 谓语动词为单数的情况 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念 谓语用单数 The worker and writer is from Wuhan 那个工人兼作家来自武汉 My old friend and classmate works in Beijing 我的同班老朋友在北京工作 Whisky and soda is my fav
16、ourite drink 威士忌加苏打是我爱喝的饮料 作并列主语的单数名词前分别有each every no修饰时 谓语动词仍用单数形式 Each boy and each girl wants to work hard 每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作 No teacher and no student likes the film 老师和学生都不喜欢电影 非谓语动词 名词性从句作主语 Persuading him to join us seems really hard 劝他加入我们看起来确实难 To go to bed early and to set up early is a good habit 早睡早起是一个好习惯 Whatever was left was taken away 剩下的所有东西都被拿走 注意 what 引导的主语从句 谓语动词一般用单数形式 若 从句后的表语是复数形式 则谓语动词用复数形式 What they need are books 他们需要的是书 2 谓语动词用复数的情况 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念 Both bread and b
