《高考英语二轮专题限时训练（37）科普知识型阅读理解（1）（含答案）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语二轮专题限时训练（37）科普知识型阅读理解（1）（含答案）（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、专题限时训练(三十七)科普知识型阅读理解(一)(限时：25分钟)(一)DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offenders face, which was revealed tonight.A first step towards genetic mugshots has been taken by researchers in the US who link specific DNA markers with face shapes. To identify th
2、e genes, they focused on known mutations(突变) that cause changes of the face and head. Normal versions of these genes were found to influence individual features. For instance, one gene affected the lips, another the shape and configuration of bones around the eyes, and a third the appearance of the
3、midface and skull. In total, 20 genes had “significant effects” on facial appearance.Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from the Pennsylvania State University, said, “We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but we can get so much more from DNA. Currently we cant go from D
4、NA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.” The implications are farreaching, raising the possibility of creating a data bank of facial types based on genetic markers. DNA from a crime scene could then be used to produce a rough image of the face of an offender or victim. Such g
5、enetic mugshots may be more reliable than computergenerated “Efits” based on witnesses memory. Other uses of the technique might include proving the identities of fathers in paternity cases, or visualizing our remote ancestors from fossil DNA.The scientists wrote in the online journal Public Library
6、 of Science Genetics，“Such predictive modelling could be forensically useful. For example, DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces could be predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects. Further, our methods could be used to predict the facial features of descendants
7、, deceased ancestors, and even extinct human species. In addition, these methods could prove to be useful diagnostic tools.” The team developed a model which first established a range of physical face shapes from people of mixed West African and European ancestry from the US, Brazil and Cape Verde.
8、Measurements were taken of thousands of point coordinates on grids placed over 3D images of the faces.Statistical methods were then used to determine the relationship between facial differences and the effects of genders, ethnic ancestry and individual gene variants.1The underlined word “mugshots” i
9、n the second paragraph most probably means “_”Adifferent faces BcharacteristicsCpictures of faces Dgenders2What can be inferred from the passage?ADNA has been used to build up a picture of an offenders face.BIt may be much easier to catch criminals with the help of DNA.CIn all, 20 genes had“signific
10、ant effects”on facial appearance.DOne gene can affect more than one part of your face.3According to Professor Mark Shriver, we know_.Athey can merely match to an individual or identify an individualBthere is a possibility of going from DNA to a faceCDNA could be used to produce a rough image of an o
11、ffenders faceDthis technology is more reliable than computergenerated “Efits”4What is the most possible title of the passage?ACreating a data bank of DNABRecognizing the DNA of criminalsCPredicting the locations of offences using DNADBuilding up an image of an offenders face from DNA(二)The extraordi
12、nary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwes capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆)Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air conditioning and alm
13、ost no heating. The buildingthe countrys largest commercial and shopping complexuses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgates owners saved 3.5 million on a 36 million building because air conditioning plant didnt have to be imported.The complex is actually tw
14、o buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glassroofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents
15、 and finally exists through fortyeight brick chimneys.During summers cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building to circulate the air which has been in contact with the coo
16、l floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.This is all possible only because Harare is 1,600 feet above sea level, and has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature swingsdays as warm as 31 commonly drop to 14 at night.“You couldnt do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastic
