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1、阅读理解的做题方法与技巧（二）-高三英语提优学案命题人：蒲玲 审核人：尹宏伟（高三英语组） 推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。它要求考生在理解表面文字信息的基础上，尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，作出正确的推理和判断，从而理解文章的隐含意义和深层意义。注意推理时要以文章提供的事实为依据，不要凭空想象。推理题涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到文字依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息作多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息进一步推出的答案：既对原文某一句话或某几句话作同义
2、改写（paraphrase）或综合考查。推理题的目的是考查识别能力，并不涉及复杂的判断和推理。.一、设题方式1. It can be inferred/concluded/seen/implied from the passage that_2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. The passage suggests/implies that_4. Whats the authors attitude towards_?5. Whats the purpose of this
3、 passage?6. Whats the tone of the author?7. Where would this passage most probably appear?.二、解题思路（1） 解答此类题的一般步骤是：1. 定位信息：认真阅读题干和选项，寻找相关的信息点，即关键词。2. 字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3. 深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。（2） 选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰选项，以便缩小选择范围：1. 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，要严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理；2. 推理的根据来源于上下文；3.
4、 如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就是正确答案；4. 如果某选项表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它就属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；5. 如果某个选项表达的内容虽然在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案；6. 文中的虚拟语气和情态动词（should,must,may.）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于帮助我们确定正确答案；7. 某些过渡词（however,but,on the contrary,whats more）后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。三、常见的几种推理判断题（一）We arrived in the summer,
5、just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Moms vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didnt care much about my bedtime.Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually manage
6、d to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel（桶） of paint but couldnt really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when 1 made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The police
7、men took my matches and drove meMom and Dad were occupied in thegarden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me. 1 hadnt turned 5 yet.1.What can be inferred about the authors family?A. His father was a cruel man.B. His parents didnt love him.
8、C. His parents used to be very busy.D. His mother didnt have any jobs.Summary:此类属于细节推理题。要求考生要求根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间，地点，人物关系，事件等。一般可依据短文提供的信息，或借助生活常识进行推理判定。（二）After the first expedition, Larrys later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. In his black and blue suit a
9、nd with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, his was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underw
10、ater creatures.Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes?A.To protect himself from danger. B.To dive into the deep water.C.To admire the underwater view. D.To take photo more conveniently.Summary:此类属于因果推断题。要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。（三） I wish that sports day could
11、be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.Whats the authors attitude towards sports day?A. Critical B.Neutral C.Positive D.Ambigu
12、ous Three men were discussing how to donate(捐献) money to God. At first they couldnt agree with each other, then they each told his own idea.The first man said: “Lets draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money out of the circle belongs to God.The second man added, “We
13、will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts.The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Lets throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can accept as much money as he can.At last, they agreed to the
14、 last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily.According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion_.A. All the three men were kindhearted.B. The third man is more generous than the other two.C. None of them believed in God. D. Three men are all stingy(吝啬) people.Summary:此类属于人物性格，态度以及观点判
15、定题。解此类题时一定要站在作者的立场或角度，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点来代替作者的思想观点。常见描述作者观点态度的词有：objective(客观的)-pessimistic（悲观的）;neutral（中立的）-optimistic（乐观的）,subjective（主观的）-approving（赞成的）,positive（积极地）-disapproving（不赞成的）,negative（消极地）-indifferent（冷漠地）,critical（批判的）-ironic（讽刺的）（四） We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passin
