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1、英 语 高 考 语法 讲 解 (虚拟语气专题) 一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气(if 引导) 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气 四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 六、几种特殊的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而 不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形 式来表示。 1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 if 从句 主句 现在 过去式 would (should, could, might)+动原 将来 同上 过去 had done would (should, could, might)+ have done 过去式 sh
2、ould+动原 were to+动原 考题点击： 1. I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go 2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would
3、prevent D. were, would have prevented 3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, ask 学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下4点： （1）省略if 若虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时，可省 略 if 而将 were, had, should 移到句首。如： （1）If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about
4、it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, （2）_ for the doctors careful treatment, he _till last year. A. If it is not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt live C. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt live （2）错综时间虚拟条件句 虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不 一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。 考题 It is hard for me to imagi
5、ne what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 1.If you had finished writing the book last month , it would be published next month. 2.You would be much better no
6、w if you had taken my advice. 错综时间虚拟条件句 3. If you had met him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来 表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及 “but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含 蓄的虚拟： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not
7、 be alive now. （3）含蓄虚拟条件句 Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. She would leave her husband except for children. 如果没有孩子的话,她就会离开她的丈夫的 考题点击： 1.I went by plane; otherwise I _
8、 much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken D 2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored D 3. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. would not have be
9、en begun C. had not begun D. would not have begun D if only 过去完成时 一般过去时 对过去虚拟 对现在虚拟 could + 完成时 （4）if only 从句 if only 若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要.就好 1. If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes. 2. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer. 3.
10、If only he had arrived in time. would /could/might +动词原形 对将来虚拟 比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 考题 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see B 2. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he woul
11、d not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie (lie 躺，lay, lain) C 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示 与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓 语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I h
12、ad been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him. 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do I wish he would forgive me. 2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的 虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。 常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 六项要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, des
13、ire, 注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不 用虚拟语气 He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once. 考题点击： 1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take 2. It is str
14、ange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed D B B 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气 基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+ 过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, dem
15、anded, arranged, desired, advised It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary. 2. It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+ 形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient. How strange that you should not have heard it! It is quite natural that she should succeed.
