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1、南京航空航天大学 硕士学位论文 眼底照相机中图像处理技术的研究与实现 姓名：黄琳 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：航空宇航制造工程 指导教师：沈建新 20090101 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 I 摘摘 要要 眼底视网膜图像是诊断眼睛以及一些心血管疾病的重要依据，眼底视网膜血管是人体中唯 一可以非创伤直接观察的较深层的微血管网络，其分布、直径、弯曲程度可以反映出一些生理 疾病。数字化的眼底照相机是检查眼底图像的有效工具，能提供清晰的眼底图像，并能帮助医 生进行准确、客观、全面的分析。 本文分析了眼底照相机的基本工作原理，并根据眼底照相机的光路，研究了成像、照明、 调焦以及荧光照影等各个系统。从图
2、像几何变换、空间域增强、频域增强等方面研究了各种适 用于眼底图像的图像处理技术以改善眼底图像的质量和视觉效果。 针对眼底视网膜图像的特点， 重点研究了基于迭代法和阈值分割法提取视网膜血管的算法，经过彩色图像处理、分块、梯度 筛选、迭代法求阈值、阈值分割、形态学处理、种子填充等处理，最终提取到血管网络。实验 结果表明，该算法处理速度快，分割效果较好。以 C+ Builder 和 Access 为平台，开发了眼底 照相机软件系统。主要包括：病历数据库管理模块、图像采集模块、图像处理模块、诊断及打 印模块以及系统设置模块等。 本课题的研究对于眼底照相机的硬件设计和软件设计来说具有指导意义，同时也为后
3、期的 图像处理和分析方面以及计算机辅助诊断方面提供参考。 关键词：关键词：眼底照相机，计算机辅助诊断，视网膜图像，图像处理，电子病历 眼底照相机中图像处理技术的研究与实现 II ABSTRACT Fundus image is a diagnosis of the eye retina, and provides a number of important basises for cardiovascular disease, eye retinal blood vessels in the human body is the only non-invasive direct observat
4、ion of the inner capillary network, and its distribution, diameter and the degree of bending can reflect some of the physical disease. Digital fundus camera is an effective tool that can provide a clear picture of the eye, and can help doctors to make accurate, objective and comprehensive analysis.
5、This paper analyzes the basic principles of fundus camera and the fundus in accordance with the optical camera, the imaging study, lighting, focusing, as well as fluorescence imaging systems. Research has applied to a variety of image processing technology for images of the retina for improving the
6、eyeground image quality and visual effect from the image geometry transformation, the spatial domain strengthened, aspects and so on. In view of the eyeground retina images characteristic, has studied with emphasis based on the repetitive process and the threshold value division law extraction retin
7、a blood vessels algorithm, undergoes color image processing, the piecemeal, gradient screening, the repetitive process to strive for processing and so on threshold value, threshold value division, morphology processing, seed packing, withdraws the blood vessel network finally. The experimental resul
8、t indicated that this algorithm processing speed is quick, the division effect is good. Take C+ Builder and Access as platforms, it has developed the fundus camera software system. Mainly includes: medical records database management module, image gathering module, image processing module, diagnosis
9、 and printing module as well as system establishment module and so on. The subject has practical guidance for hardware design and software design of fundus camera. Maenwhile it provides reference for the latter part of the image processing and analysis of computer-aided diagnosis. Keywords: fundus c
10、amera, computer-aided diagnosis, retinal image, image processing, electronic medical record 眼底照相机中图像处理技术的研究与实现 VI 图表清单图表清单 图 1.1 图像处理学三层次示意图.3 图 1.2 TRC 免散瞳眼底照相机.4 图 1.3 福州福达眼底照相机.5 图 2.1 人眼组织结构图.7 图 2.2 眼底照相机的光学系统.8 图 2.3 眼底照相流程图.9 图 2.4 荧光造影流程 .11 图 3.1 模板示意图 .13 图 3.2 眼底图像移动示意图.14 图 3.3 图像顺时针旋转 90 度效果图.15 图 3.4 图像放大显示效果图.15 图 3.5 图像垂直镜像效果图.16 图 3.6 补色效果图 .17 图 3.7 分段线性变换 .17 图 3.8 直方图均衡化对比图.19 图 3.9 直方图规定化对比图.20 图 3
